Whitworth quick return mechanism

Whitworth quick return mechanism :
The Whitworth quick return mechanism converts rotary
motion into reciprocating motion, but unlike the crank and
slider, the forward reciprocating motion is at a different rate
than the backward stroke. At the bottom of the drive arm,
the peg only has to move through a few degrees to sweep
the arm from left to right, but it takes the remainder of the
revolution to bring the arm back. This mechanism is most
commonly seen as the drive for a shaping machine.

Gas Turbine

## Gas Turbine ##
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--------------------------------
An internal-combustion engine consisting of an air
compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine wheel that is
turned by the expanding products of combustion. The four
major types of gas turbine engines are the turboprop,
turbojet, turbofan, and turboshaft. Gas turbine - turbine that
converts the chemical energy of a liquid fuel into mechanical
energy by internal combustion; gaseous products of the fuel
(which is burned in compressed air) are expanded through a
turbine.

Drilling Jig

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bNXkkQ8aCYQ&gl=IN&hl=en&guid=&client=mv-google

Radiators

Radiators:-
Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal
energy from one medium to another for the purpose of
cooling and heating. The majority of radiators are
constructed to function
in automobiles , buildings , and electronics . The radiator is
always a source of heat to its environment, although this
may be for either the purpose of heating this environment, or
for cooling the fluid or coolant supplied to it, as for engine
cooling . Despite the name, radiators generally transfer the
bulk of their heat via convection, not by thermal radiation.

DTSI Technology & DTS-Si

What is DTSI Technology & DTS-Si ?
In DTSi, in Technology stead of 1 we are using 2 spark plugs. Flame front
formed is able to consume more air-fuel mixture as
compared with 1 spark plug, thus more complete burning and
more efficiency.
in DTS-Si, with addition of 2nd spark plug, what they are
doing is relocating valves position. With proper designing of
inlet and outlet valves you can induce extra swirl for inoming
air fuel mixture. Due to turbulence, extra efforts are provided
for proper mixing of air and fuel. (We can not allow petrol to
go in liquid droplet form, it should be finely atomized). With
well atomized air fuel mixture, efficiency increases.

DUKE ENGINE

DUKE ENGINE- low vibration engine
* The engine with lowest vibration level 0.01 - 0.1 %
* variable compression ratio is possible
* multifuel capable
* Compact small dimensions
* 80% thermal efficiency
Duke Engines are in an advanced stage of developing a
unique high-speed, valve-less 5 cylinder, 3 injector axial
internal combustion engine with zero first-order vibration,
significantly reduced size and weight, very high power
density and the ability to run on multiple fuels and bio-fuels.
The Duke engine is suited for many uses including marine,
military, automobile, light aircraft and range extender
applications.

meaning of APDV, ASFS, ATFT.

What is the meaning of APDV, ASFS, ATFT... which we
generally find in bike engines????
APDV :
The term APDV stands for "Advanced Pro Series Digital
Variable Ignition System". APDV means, the injection of the
spark plugs is controlled digitally, which offers better and
efficient combustion of fuel. Bikes which APDV engine are
Splendor Pro, Passion Pro and the Splendor NXG.
ASFS:
The term ASFS stands for "Advanced Swirl Flow Induction
System". The technology is similar to that of the Bajaj
Auto’s DTS-Si (Digital Twin Spark – Swirl Induction)
technology. Previously Super Splendor was marketed as the
Quantum Core but it was not a great success. So the
company marketed the bikes in the name ASFS.
ATFT:
ATFT stands for "Advanced Tumble Flow Induction
Technology”.

Centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pump:-
Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic
axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the
conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the
hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational
energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor.
The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the
rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing
radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber
(casing), from where it exits.
Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and
petrochemical pumping. The reverse function of the
centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential
energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational
energy.

CANTILEVER BEAM

CANTILEVER BEAM-
A cantilever is a beam anchored at only one end. The beam
carries the load to the support where it is resisted by
moment and shear stress.Cantilever construction allows for
overhanging structures without external bracing. Cantilevers
can also be constructed with trusses or slabs.
Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in
cantilever bridges and balconies. In cantilever bridges the
cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever
used to support one end of a central section. The Forth
Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss
bridge.

p-V Diagram for the Ideal Diesel cycle

p-V Diagram for the Ideal Diesel cycle. The cycle follows the
numbers 1-4 in clockwise direction. In the diesel cycle the
combustion occurs at almost constant pressure and the
exhaust occurs at constant volume. On this diagram the
work that is generated for each cycle corresponds to the
area within the loop.

Flywheel

Flywheel:-
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to
store rotational energy. Flywheels have a significant moment
of inertia and thus resist changes in rotational speed.
Common uses of a flywheel include:
>Providing continuous energy when the energy source is
discontinuous.
>Delivering energy at rates beyond the ability of a
continuous energy source. This is achieved by collecting
energy in the flywheel over time and then releasing the
energy quickly, at rates that exceed the abilities of the
energy source.
>Controlling the orientation of a mechanical system. In such
applications, the angular momentum of a flywheel is
purposely transferred to a load when energy is transferred to
or from the flywheel. :-
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to
store rotational energy. Flywheels have a significant moment
of inertia and thus resist changes in rotational speed.
Common uses of a flywheel include:
>Providing continuous energy when the energy source is
discontinuous.
>Delivering energy at rates beyond the ability of a
continuous energy source. This is achieved by collecting
energy in the flywheel over time and then releasing the
energy quickly, at rates that exceed the abilities of the
energy source.
>Controlling the orientation of a mechanical system. In such
applications, the angular momentum of a flywheel is
purposely transferred to a load when energy is transferred to
or from the flywheel.

Cooling of Turbine Blades:

Cooling of Turbine Blades:-
For same pressure ratio at high maximum temperature
thermal efficiency is high. But the high temperature can
lead to the damage of the turbine. So the cooling of
blade becomes essential.
Methods of Cooling :-
Cooling of components can be achieved by air or liquid
cooling. Liquid cooling seems to be more attractive
because of high specific heat capacity and chances of
evaporative cooling but there can be problem of leakage,
corrosion, choking,etc. which works against this method.
On the other hand air cooling allows to discharge air
into main flow without any problem. Quantity of air
required for this purpose is 1-3% of main flow and blade
temperature can be reduced by 200-300°C.

Bevel gears and its applications:

Bevel gears and its applications:-
Bevel gears are the gears where the axes of the two shafts
intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears
themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often
mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be
designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface
of bevel gears is a cone.
Applications:
1)Bevel gears are used in differential drives, which can
transmit power to two axles spinning at different speeds,
such as those on a cornering automobile.
2)Bevel gears are used as the main mechanism for a hand
drill. As the handle of the drill is turned in a vertical
direction, the bevel gears change the rotation of the chuck to
a horizontal rotation. The bevel gears in a hand drill have the
added advantage of increasing the speed of rotation of the
chuck and this makes it possible to drill a range of
materials.
3)The gears in a bevel gear planer permit minor adjustment
during assembly and allow for some displacement due to
deflection under operating loads without concentrating the
load on the end of the tooth.
4)Spiral bevel gears are important components on rotorcraft
drive systems. These components are required to operate at
high speeds, high loads, and for a large number of load
cycles. In this application, spiral bevel gears are used to
redirect the shaft from the horizontal gas turbine engine to
the vertical rotor.

Axial vector engine

Axial vector engine 12 cylinder concept 26500cc/1618ci in
SolidWorks
Cylinders =12 (6 both sides)
Bore Dia = 80mm
Stroke length = 110mm
Engine Type = Axial Vector Type 4 Stroke
Crank Mechanism = CAM Disk Mechanism
Engine Capacity = 26500cc/1618ci
A swashplate is rigidly fixed to the CAMDisk, and goes round
with it as a unit. Therefore the connecting rods are not fixed
to the plate in any way, but push on it with rollers or slipper
pads that can glide over the surface of the plate as it turns.
The main point of attraction is the use of CAM-Disk in place
of Crank shaft to provide reciprocation. Since the Engine is
double Reciprocatory with corresponding strokes at both
sides, there is no unbalancing of masses i.e. full balanced.
Battery Ignition System is used with a spark plug for each
cylinder. There are one inlet and one exhaust for each
cylinder. Fins thickness is not calculated but 5mm is more
than enough. Fuel Type used is Gasoline and the engine can
found application in Aerospace as well as Automotive. Engine
is mainly a torque converter type rather than speeder.

Direct injection

Direct injection:-
With direct injection, the fuel is injected directly into the
combustion chamber which is usually formed by a cavity in
the piston crown.
This cavity is carefully shaped to promote air swirl and the
direction of the injector nozzle ensures that rapid mixing of
the fuel and air assists complete combustion.
Advantages - It is claimed that direct injection gives higher
thermal efficiency with lower fuel consumption. This is
bought about by the fact that no heat is lost or power wasted
in pumping air through a restricted opening into the separate
chamber or in discharging the gases from the chamber. This
gives easier starting and generally this type of engine does
not require a starting aid device, such as glow plugs.
Disadvantages - This kind of injection is prone to “diesel
knock”.

Piston

PISTON-
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines,
reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic
cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving
component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-
tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer
force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft
via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the
function is reversed and force is transferred from the
crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or
ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston
also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the
cylinder wall.

Triple Spark Technology

What is Triple Spark Technology?
Along with the announcement of the new Pulsar 200NS,came
a new technology named Triple Spark technology. Which is
being used in the new bike. In simple words, the triple spark
technology is nothing but a engine with 3 spark plugs housed
in it.
To make use of 3 spark plugs, the pulsar engine houses a
pent roof combustion chamber which in turn allows to house
3 spark plugs in the engine chamber. Out of the three plugs,
the primary plug is the center one and is mounted in an
angle and enters the chamber at the top-center. The other
two secondary plugs are mounted below, each opposite each
other and one of them being vertically underneath the
primary plug.
The secondary plugs fires a bit after the primary one has
fired and the timings are controlled by the ECU depending on
various parameters like throttle position, engine revs,load on
engine and many other stuffs. According to Bajaj, these plugs
gain a advantage in low-rev riding condition where it
extracts the best economy.Compared to KTM Duke 200 in
similar conditions it gives as much as 10-13kmpl
more,however the difference vanishes at higher revs and
high speed.

Jet engine

A jet engine operates on the application of Sir Isaac
Newton's third law of physics.This is a picture of how
the air flows through a jet engine.
Jet engines move the airplane forward with a great force
that is produced by a tremendous thrust and causes the
plane to fly very fast.
All jet engines, which are also called gas turbines, work
on the same principle. The engine sucks air in at the
front with a fan. A compressor raises the pressure of the
air. The compressor is made up of fans with many
blades and attached to a shaft. The blades compress
the air. The compressed air is then sprayed with fuel and
an electric spark lights the mixture. The burning gases
expand and blast out through the nozzle, at the back of
the engine. As the jets of gas shoot backward, the
engine and the aircraft are thrust forward.

INJECTOR PRESSURE in heavy vehicles?

Q. What is an INJECTOR PRESSURE in heavy vehicles?
Why it is used?
A. Injector pressure i s the pressure at which the fuel can
be injected into the vehicle. In heavy vehicles, injector
pressure is 220 kg/cm square. It is used to set up the
standard fuel injection in the vehicles. With the help of
injector pressure we can calculate the amount of fuel
needed, through the following formula:
Est. Horsepower x B.S.F.C / No. of injectors x duty cycle
= lb/hr per injector
cc = lb/hr x 10.5

CARBURETOR

CARBURETOR
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The components of the carburetor consist
of: •Float chamber •Float valve •Jet nozzle •Venturi
•Throttle valve •Accelerator pedal •Choke •Fuel tank •Fuel
pump •Fuel Filter.
The carburetor is a device that vaporizes gasoline and
mixes it with air in the proper ratio for combustion in an
internal combustion engine. Normally the ratio of fuel to
air is about 1:15 by volume. That is one part fuel to
fifteen parts air. A higher ratio is called a rich mixture
and a lower ratio is called a leaner mixture.