During their mechanical engineering degree program,

During their mechanical engineering degree program, many of the students are usually interested in doing mini projects and final year projects related to design and manufacturing.  Here I have suggested a list of mechanical engg projects for students:

1. Design/manufacture a sugar dispenser: You will find many tea and coffee dispensers at different places. Why not introduce a sugar dispenser as well? This sugar dispenser can be used to mix sugar in a more hygienic condition with minimum sugar waste. In this mechanical engineering design project idea, you need to design a sugar dispenser with full automatic control. This sugar dispenser will be used to pour tea into cups and can be placed alongside tea dispensers.

2. Design a multipurpose chair/table: Design a multipurpose chair/table which can be converted to a table or a chair as needed. Using mechanical engineering design techniques you need to design this product which users can fold into a chair or even a table as required. This is actually 2 in 1 type product. This product if properly developed can also be sold in the market.

3. Design a machine to produce power from canals: Water in most of the canals has a lot of energy. Why not use this energy for some useful purpose? Think of some product or machine which you can install on a canal to generate energy and electricity from running water. This mechanical design project can be very useful in rural areas of developing countries.

4. Design a multi-direction wind turbine: Design a wind turbine which can operate in any wind direction but rotates in the same direction. Whatever the direction of the wind is, it must operate in same direction. These kinds of wind turbines are very useful in hill stations and mountainous areas where wind comes in from different directions at same time. So all this wind from different direction can then be used to operate this turbine in a same direction.

5. Design a robot for spraying: In this mechanical engineering design project you need to design a robot for spraying purposes using a remote. This is also related to robotics projects in mechanical engineering. Movement of robot can be defined and controlled using a robot.

6. Design a mobile phone holder for cars: In this design project, engineering students can design a product which can be installed on car doors or dash board and which is capable of holding mobile phones and charging them.

I have suggested these mechanical engg design projects after detailed discussion with industry experts and professors. Kindly discuss these projects with your college professors as well. Keep visiting this mechanical engineering vision website for more new and latest projects.

Thermal mechanical engineering projects (thermodynamics)

After proper guidance from senior professors and experts, i have created following list of projects :

1. Calculate heat generation and refrigeration capacity: This mechanical engineering project idea is related to thermodynamics and heat transfer. You need to calculate heat generation and refrigeration capacity within any factory or shopping mall or even in your own campus building. Then after performing complete analysis on these factors you need to suggest improvements in building design and other factors which will minimize heat generated and humidity within a building.

2. Make a steam powered rocket boat: Do you know how a rocket propels itself? Hot gases burn out and rocket propels further. Why not use this phenomenon in making a rocket boat which uses steam/boiled water or even hot gases to propel the boat onto water.

3. Manufacture solar powered oven and cookers: Design and manufacture solar powered cookers with more efficiency for use in remote areas of developing countries. This thermal mechanical engineering project is purely related to thermodynamics. Students who are interested in engineering projects related to thermodynamics should undertake this project in order to understand complete concepts of the subject as well as heat transfer.

4. Design and analysis of a virtual refrigerator: In this thermal mechanical project you need to Design a virtual refrigerator in any CAD utility and perform complete analysis using ANSYS or any other software on performance of using different refrigerants. This virtual environment will help save millions of dollars spent on making labs for understanding performance of different refrigerants used within refrigerators.

5. Design a fish aquarium with automatic control: In this thermodynamics project mechanical engineering students are required to design an aquarium for fish with automatic control of temperature according to the weather and temperate in the environment.

6. Automatic fire fighting robot/Machine: Design small scale robots or machines which can be installed in different buildings and shopping malls in order to avoid accidental fire in any building. This mechanical engineering project is related to thermodynamics and manufacturing courses. It will help save many accidents which cause great financial loss due to fire caught within any building during night.

I hope you will like these thermal mechanical engineering project ideas.

Automobile project ideas for mechanical engineering students

I would like to share some automobile project ideas for mechanical engineering students:

1. Improvements in diesel engine for less emission of CO2: Obtain a used diesel engine from your engine lab in your campus or you may also get it from any sponsor. You task is to measure the percentage of hazardous gases which emit from engine exhaust then you have to reduce that percentage to a minimum level. Think about the improvements which you can make into that diesel engine which can reduce emission of dangerous gases which cause pollution to the environment. This is a hot issue and research topic these days. Get yourself involved into this research and maybe you can reduce a little bit of it and play your part in saving the world. You can work initially on reducing percentage of CO2 emitted or you can choose any other emission gas. This project will help you in understanding all diesel engine working procedures in detail. Hint: Record you readings in excel sheets and develop macros to sort out data in a desired form.

2. Create a device or make changes in speed meter to warn next oil change required: Changing engine oil and filter on time helps improve efficiency and performance of an engine. Exactly when a car owner requires changing engine oil? There is no such device to warn next engine oil change. It’s usually done manually. So in this mechanical engineering automobile related project, you can manufacture a device to warn next oil change required. This will help improve efficiency of the automobile.

3. Create a low price car jack: Create a low price and small scale edition of a hydraulic car jack in order to minimize human effort and risks. Most of the car jacks used these days are scissor car jacks with mechanical threads which require a lot of human energy and cause many accidents frequently. So in this automobile project you are required to manufacture a small scale hydraulic jack for cars which are cheap to buy and require less effort to use. Fluid energy can be used which will minimize human effort to a great level

4. Design/manufacture more efficient mudguards for cars: In this mechanical engineering project idea, you need to design special mudguards with improved efficiency. Use any mechanical engineering software or CAD/CAM setup to design these mudguards. Make them more elastic and more strengthened to survive from any hard materials on roads or in mud

5. Create a small carriage for shopkeepers or grocery store owners from bike engine: Convert your motorcycle into a more useful carriage for medium shop businesses. Take into account all the weight requirements and safety measures while making this device. Perform complete structural analysis before finalizing your product. This is very helpful for developing countries. It will provide a great carriage for small to medium scale shopkeepers to carry their stock from market with less fuel consumption and at economical cost

6. Create a device to insert into exhaust system of a car to convert hazardous gases into environment friendly liquids and gases: In this mechanical project which is related to automobile exhaust system, you need to create a device which can be inserted into exhaust section of any car. This device should be capable of converting CO2 and other hazardous gases into environment friendly liquids or gases through some chemical reactions.

I hope you like these project ideas for mechanical engineering students. Discuss these automobile projects and ideas with your professors and advisors in your colleges and departments and start working on them. You will find these projects very helpful in understanding mechanical engineering and automobile engineering concepts.

Final Year Mechanical Engineering Projects

Here I have compiled some great ideas for final year mechanical engineering projects at undergraduate level. These final year mechanical engineering projects are just an idea of what you can do. You can always increase or decrease the scope of a project and make any changes according to your requirements.

1. An Automated Umbrella:

Design an automated umbrella with sunlight sensors such that the umbrella opens automatically in sun light and closes in the evening. These types of automatic umbrellas are used in mosques, parks, beaches and open air cafeterias etc. Main objectives of your project will include:

• Sketch out of conceptual design.
• Designing and assembling of every part in Pro-Engineer.
• Analyse the model for motor/hydraulic system requirements.
• Structural, thermal and drag force analyses of umbrella
• Structural Analysis in Pro Mechanical for design robustness.
• Manufacturing of a prototype for illustration.

2. Power production from waste air of exhaust fans at Textile Mill

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Modular Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) for a Textile Unit. Installation and Testing of the VAWT will be accomplished to generate power from waste air emitting from exhaust fans located in the Power House of the Textile Unit. The waste air recovered will be utilized as a source to drive the wind turbine blades. As such the power generated must be sufficient enough to meet the internal lighting requirements of the mill. Main objectives of this final year mechanical engineering project will include:

• Install a wind turbine in front of exhaust fans.
• Entirely new concept of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine.
• The Objectives include design, Analysis (on ANSYS), Manufacturing, Testing and Installation at the Textile Mill.
• Perform Static and Dynamic Analysis on ANSYS.

3. Power Production from Biogas using Sewage Wastes by Solar Energy

Main objectives of this mechanical engineering project will include:

• Design and Fabrication of Biogas Digester.
• Design and Fabrication of Solar Reflector.
• Checking composition of Biogas collected through Gas Analyser.
• Design and Fabrication of Up gradation Apparatus for Biogas.
• Power Generation from purified Biogas

4. Thermo-Hydraulic Design of Evaporator for Low Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle

The aim of the project is to develop software for Thermo-Hydraulic Design of Evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle which utilizes the low grade waste heat available in process industries and renewable energy resources. Organic Rankine Cycle is a cycle that generates electricity from low temperature waste heat. Evaporator is a heat exchanger, essential to any power plant. Development of a computer program to carry out thermal and hydraulic design of the evaporator.

5. Design Standardization and Fabrication of Micro-Hydro Cross Flow Turbine

This final year mechanical engineering project will include:

• Vital link in the chain of solutions to deal with the problem of providing electricity to off-grid locations in rural areas and ensure off-shelf availability of CFT.
• Model and Design “Cross flow turbine” on PRO/E and performed CFX analysis.
• Engineering drawings and Designing of Shaft, Bearing and belt Selection

I hope mechanical engineering students will like these mechanical project ideas.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ENGINEER AND ASCIENTIST FROM JAZIB SAEED KHAN'S BLOG

Engineer vs scientist - Difference between an engineer and a scientist - “I always wanted to be an engineer. And today as I see the magnificent artifacts that have been created by me I feel so lucky that I landed in a profession of my choice”. Well these are the words of a random person who happens to be an engineer by default. And believe  me if he were a scientist, he would have said the same thing. And so the hot point is: we really never know what makes an engineer different from a scientist.
Ironically people differentiate scientists from engineers by the level of personality they own. Engineers are often regarded as cool people with highly paid jobs who have nothing to do in the world but to make all the important decisions. Scientists on the other hand are regarded as the hapless
people who spend most of their lives with lab rats thinking over the issues that have nothing to do with a common man. This is the main reason most students want to take up engineering as the future
profession although they never realize that engineering is a multifaceted endeavor and they will have no exposure towards it until the end of the high school. And this happens to be the most important reason that most people never realize that a scientist and an engineer are indeed very different with different aims and indeed different priorities.
Differentiating engineering from science is a matter of how we look at the two professions in the real
world. An engineer’s priority should be to take up real world challenges and complete them in real time so that people may get the desired results and benefits. So in a way, we can regard that an engineer is closer to the common man than a scientist. It is just an opinion not a well established fact.
A scientist on the other hand should have the insight to perceive the upcoming future. And that is the fun part. A scientist mostly lives in a virtual world full of random and abstract thoughts that combine to form a solution. An engineer on the other hand lives in a real world that we all can see and feel. And that is the main reason that most of the work done by the scientist does not become inevitable at once.
Engineers often argue that their job is more innovative than the job of an average scientist who has to live with a bunch of lab rats all day long doing nothing. Well this perception is absolutely wrong. Inevitably engineering is a very versatile profession but innovation is just a part of it. A scientist on the other hand lives merely on innovation. Working in a virtual world is no easy task which requires loads of innovation in store.
Sometimes it is very difficult to draw a clear boundary between the two professions. Both have contributed immensely towards the development of this world. And it would be true to say that both are the wheels of the same car. Instead of discriminating them, we should try to bridge the two professions so that the world can really see what happens behind the scenes. I hope this article gives
you a good idea about difference between an engineer and a scientist.

What should a Mechanical Engineer must know!

Well being a mechanical engineer student i personally think that basic concept is the most important thing every Mechanical Engineer should know and to remember those concept you must wrote them down on a paper and stick it on your wall so you can keep checking and remembering those basic concepts allow me to elaborate in case of thermodynamic ( you must know about zero,first,second law of thermodynamic and different formulas of enthalpy, understand of tables,of pressure ,temperature and curves etc) keep their short notes and use you gain knowledge on every holiday to solve real world problems must know ideal process cycles and its types and try to grap concepts of experiment and stick its notes close to your eyes

Fluid mechanics
For this you must know how to select a pump for certain requirement like you must know what is the head of pump pressure of pump and flow rate also you must know how to estimate pipe pressure and friction depending on is length ,diameter, and angle on which it is and most importantly pressure drop on different kinds of bends(must know about type of angle use in pipe and type of bends) how to find
center of (inertia,resultant force,resultant pressure) of shape on which fluid is carried this thing help in building (dams ,reservoirs for different fluids) and plus you should also know about CG (center of
gravitation) this help in building ships and floating stuff ,you must know about effect on pressure if you go down sea level inside fluid or go on high hills must know about how to use instrument and basic ideal gas laws and few application try to practice these concept every holiday

Mechanics of Material(MOM)
For MOM try to practice to remember bending moment, shear stress,torsional stresses, normal stresses,bending moment both (horizontally,vertically) moment of inertia of different shapes and objects must keep a chart on your wall to know difference of ductile and brittle cure mechanical properties (young modulus,yield strength of basic mostly use materials like aluminum,steel,brass,copper,iron etc) ,mohr circle etc and create a structure like cycle or other thing
using this concept or try to help those student who are making structure in there final year project

Design OF Machine Element(DOM)
keep remember basic things like different between rivet,screw,bolt,stud, and most most most important where to use them in come places you only use rivet you must know reason keep there  notes on your wall ,must type of keys and what material should we use same or different and flange design and other these thing try to solve there real problem by asking real engineer if you can or create your on and build product and test it or help final year student to build project

TOM (THEORY OF MACHINES)
Must know how to analysis mechanism, how to create mechanics mostly mechanism are made of 4 bar mechanism know ho to calculate velocity of component fore and all other stuff some mechanism are basic like train,umbrella,car roof mechanism and some are use in games like (wipe out try to look at these mechanism and think how it would have been made and create on paper find its velocity force ) and also you must keep notes of pulley and belts driver and follower,must know how to find best for your desired pulley ,types and uses and tables and about gears also type of gears uses how to
change direction method to find gear teeth

Heat and mass transfer (HMT)
Must know difference between conduction,convention,radiation and there formulas, and enthalpy,coefficient of convection,conduction etc which fluid ha what property and what is its use heat storage capacity and rate of heat transfer both in pip and solid wall must know how to design and
how to play with flow rate of pre -design pipe ,heat exchange and special cases of boiler,condenser effectiveness and efficiency trick to solve and other things like that keep remember must know which pump to use which design heat exchanger and effect of corrosion,environment speed etc keep their notes close to your eyes

IC Engine
Different types of engine parts of engine components which component has what effect what happen if leaking of on thing happen and real life cases of it how many parts to crankshaft mover what other components are connected with cam shaft and how camshaft control water pump,oil pump,radiator fan,vacuum section, carburetor parts, different condition of throttle and mixing ration change while,staring,cursing, cooing system different types and effect of environment case of different situations lubrication how and thrown which places oil move to lubricate and problem of flow of lubricate and its real life case try to communicate with your teacher math stuff must know all math formula and there use try to bring those formulas to real life pick one formula and work on it every holiday with real life situation

'A GOOD TEACHER IS A GIFT WHO CAN TELL YOU REAL LIFE PROBLEMS AND SITUATION'
Keep you interaction with your teacher who taught you and keep asking different question any doubt
and try to find those teachers who have experience in that field whose wisely because in your life only few courses you will be using it depend on you job type so focus on your dream work you want to do and for what you picked MECHANICAL ENGINEERING people die and new people come don't worry about job only do what you like its your life you life once.

HR Round: tentative Questions:

1. Tell me something about yourself.
2. What do you know about Co?
3. Explain me any concept considering me as a layman.
4. Will you be able to work if posted in a place like Andaman?
5. What are your hobbies?
6. Tell me an interesting experience of your life.
7. Will you get married soon?
8. What will you do if you are told to work on something you don't know or like?
9. Tell something about yourself that is not in the resume.
10. What is your area of interest?
11. Why do you want to join this industry?
12. Would you work anywhere in the country?
13. What if we don’t select you today?
14. Tell me about your family, weakness and strength.
15. What is commitment? Do you have a girlfriend?
16. Do you consult your parents?
17. Will you stay away from your parents?
18. Will you do arranged or love marriage?
19. You are living in 21st century, you should take your own decisions. Then why consult parents?
20. Why should we hire you?
21. Tell me a few qualities that you have.
22. How much will you sell your project for?
23. What is your future plan?
24. How you being emotional help us?
25. Are you ready to relocate?
26. Will you be able to adjust yourself with people in Chennai?
27. Do you wish to go for higher studies?
28. Are you innovative enough?
29. What is your best achievement?
30. What has been your toughest decision till date?
31. Tell us about your journey.
32. Given a situation how would you resolve a conflict.
33. What would you do if your seniors are not noticing your work?
34. What has been your best experience till date?
35. Rate yourself on a scale of 1-5.
36. Are you aware about the Co eligibility, background check?
37. You have high percentage in SSC and HSC but low in engineering. Why?
38. What is your ambition in life?
39. What do you do in your free time?
40. Do you want to be in Co even after 3 years?
41. Why do you want to be in Co?
42. Why a job?
43. How happy are you with your parents decision?
44. What is the longest you have stayed away from your parents?
45. What are your expectations from TCS?
46. Where do you see yourself in the next 5 years?
47. Tell me about your teamwork.
48. What is your chance of getting selected?
49. Why should I select you compared to others?
50. Describe one instance when you have succeeded.
51. You are a project manager. How will you ensure that your project is completed on time?
52. What are the three keywords according to you for success?
53. Who is your role model?
54. In how many ways can you contribute to the society?
55. What is the meaning of your name? who do you have faith in?
56. Describe yourself in one line and in one word.
57. Do you think advantage of exemption from aptitude given to toppers is good or bad.
58. Which department would you like to go in?
59. If 20,000INR are given how will you manage it in a month? And how much will you save from that?
60. If not this Co where are you planning to go?
61. Tell me one instance when you worked as a team leader.
63. If you lead a project and the team members aren’t happy with you as the leader what will you
do?
64. How much time do you spend on the net? Tell me the most recent news that you have come
across.
65. What do you think of life?
66. Difference between creativity and innovation.
67. Difference between theorem and axiom.
68. Explain your interview experience in Marathi.
69. Where do you see yourself in the coming years?
70. What are your interests?
71. Tell me the story of any movie you saw recently.
72. Are you tired or nervous?
73. Are you sure you’ll take up the job and not go for further studies?
74. Why do you want to join an IT company? Since your percentage is so good? Will you work on
domains like database management, oracle, etc?
75. Difference between agile and waterfall.
76. How was your day?
77. How long did you wait? Was it worth the wait?
78. How do you manage to resolve conflicts within your siblings?
79. What books do you read?
80. How will you manage to live with females of other states?
81. If you are a team leader what 3 things do you think are most important ?
82. How do you make someone feel special?

Important Questions asked in Mechanical Engineering Interview!

I'm sharing this question list to fellow mechanical engineers that I made to prepare for an interview. It
contains two sections viz. technical questions followed by HR questions.

1. Technical questions:
Type of technical questions asked will be definition type and that too from basic. Your favorite subjects will be asked first and then they start questioning what they want you to answer. Some of the
questions are...

1. Why we do not use same technology to start both SI/CI engine?
2. Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
3. 4 Stroke engine is more efficient primarily Because of the presence of valves which precisely control the flow of charge into the chamber and exit the exhaust gases with proper timing which is hard to achieve by ports in a 2 stroke engine.
4. Why there is no differential in a train. What happens when a train takes a turn?
5. A cantilever beam is loaded a point on its ends what will be the effect in shear force?
6. Why vehicle does not move when its gear is applied though parked in slope area?
7. What is shear force in fluid particle?
8. How gear ratio helps in power variation?
9. What is the angle of twist in drill?
10. What is the difference between impact force and sudden force?
11. How to calculate the turbine efficiency?
12. Why centrifugal pump casing is called involutes casing?
13. What will happen if reciprocating compressor run in exactly opposite direction?
14. What is the effect of clearance volume in performance of air- compressor?
15. What is the advantages and disadvantages of critical speed of turbine?
16. What will happen if oil is mixed with boiler feed water?
17. What is difference between fan and blowers?
18. What are the protections required to protect turbine?
19. what is critical temperature?
20. Air is a bad conductor of heat. Why it becomes hot in summer?
21. How many stages in compressor in there in gas turbine?
22. Which is more efficient? A rear engine Volvo Bus or a Front engine Volvo Bus? (Engine Capacity is same for both) why?
23. What is difference between stress and pressure?
24. What is Boiler HP?
25. What is Auto Dosing?
26. What happens when too much oil is injected in the working cylinder?
27. How many manholes should be there on boiler? Why?
28. What is used to check the amount & quality of fuel in two stroke IC engine?
29. Work done in throttling process is given by which formula?
30. Function of the strainer in IC engine?
31. What is the difference between the air pre-heater & air blower?
32. Why the compression ratio of the diesel engine should be high?
33. A vertical plate and a horizontal plate are suspended in an open room. Both are heated to the
same temperature. Which one will cool first? Why?
34. What is the color of flame if the boiler is running?
35. Which is the best lubricant-air, oil or water?
36. Tell the octane number in Indian petrol?
37. Difference between enthalpy & entropy?
38. What is the difference between safety valve and relief valve?
39. Explain cooling and its types?
40. What is the working principal of air compressor?
41. What is cryogenics and what are its fundamentals?
42. What is the difference between a shaper machine and a planner machine?
43. Why stress relieving of stainless steel is not roffered?
44. What are the advantages of PID controllers compared with those of a PLC?
45. Which two continents are mirror images of each other?
46. Where half nut is used?
47. What is the need for drafting?
48. Turbo charger driven by.............? and what its speed
49. Why...? Turbo charger used in DG....?
50. The stage below saturation is called?
51. Why is a condenser used in a Rankin cycle?
52. What is servo motor?
53. Can we use light duty vehicle axle into the heavy duty machinery axle? If no then why?
54. Stress strain diagram for fluid?
55. Where manning formula used?
56. What is level of documentations for a ISO 9001 certified company?
57. What is back plate in centrifugal pumps and its purpose?
58. Why tyres are manufactured in black colour?
59. Whether ductile material can fail in brittle manner? When?
60. On what property u can distinguish material as brittle or ductile?
61. Name fuels used in nuclear power plant?
62. On what thermodynamic cycle nuclear power plant works?
63. How can you increase the efficiency of power plant without changing in effort?
64. What is purpose of governor in Diesel engine?
65. Why petrol engines have more power than diesel engines of same capacity?
66. What is the difference between Torque and Power ( layman Idea)?
67. What will be the induced stress in the bar?
68. What is the Difference between Rated Speed and Economic Speed?
69. How to convert from HP to BHP or CC to Bhp please explain????????
70. How the material no. 2062 will mild steel of density 7.85? What are the other codes?
71. Why petrol engine gives more power than diesel engine even though diesel engine has high
compression ratio?
72. What is mean by Resistance welding?
73. Compare Brayton and Otto cycle.
74. Why we have to know the specific frequency of any equipment? does anybody know about specific frequency ?
75. What is pulverization?
76. What is the function of an isolator?
77. Why the back wheel of tractor is bigger than front wheel?
78. Flow will increase or decrease or remain same?
79. Why Mechanical seal used in Pumps?
80. The ratio of Emissive to absorption power of heat by a body is equal to heat emitted by a perfect
black body. Who said the statement
81. What is colour of flame if the of Halide Torch detects a refrigerant leakage?
82. How can we remove paint from (painted over) plastic or nylon objects with out damaging the
object?
83. How to calculate or arrive the capacity of a mechanical press?
84. The property of a metal that is determined by the indentation on a metal surface
85. The amount of thickness of the metal sheet that can be welded by ultrasonic welding is?
86. The amount of carbon present in Cast Iron?
87. Numeric control is used for?
88. The amount of moisture that is to be present in wood to be called dry wood is?
89. The pattern material used in Investment casting Process is?
90. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type of follower?
91. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type of follower?
92. State the difference between Forging & Fabrication?
93. What is flange rating?
94. What amount of heat energy loss in ESP?
95. What happen when diesel is injected in petrol engine?
96. What do you mean by property of system?
97. Why joule-Brayton cycle is not suitable for a reciprocating engine.
98. How does “turbulence” differ from swirl?
99. Is octane number beyond 100 is possible?
100. Explain the effect of fuel structure on knocking.
101. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of LPG as a fuel in S.I. Engine?
102. What is the impact of using throttling device instead of expander in vapour compression cycle?
103. What is moisture choking? Which refrigerants are more prone to it?
104. What is Montreal protocol and why CFCs are being phased out?
105. Why reverse Joule Brayton is used in aircraft refrigeration system?
106. Explain how solar-energy can used in refrigeration system?
107. Is wet bulb temperature a thermodynamic property?
108. What is the utility of comfort chart?
109. How would you decide whether a reciprocating compressor or centrifugal compression is to be
used in a refrigerating system?
110. Why smoking is not allowed in air conditioned enclosure?
111. Why desert coolers become ineffective in raining season?
112. Why package units are being preferred over central air conditioning system?
113. What is MAPI.
114. What is capital budgetary?
115. What is group technology layout?
116. What is leveling & smoothing in production technology?
117. What is deference between method study & work measurement?
118. What you know about drilling?
119. How oil is produced? What is the size of well?
120. Pumps used in drilling procedure and why? Why not centrifugal pump? What if we want high
head and high discharge?
121. Difference between Pipeline and Piping ?
122. Use of CNG, LNG, LPG etc.

Additional questions subject wise:

Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery

What is the difference between impulse & reaction turbine.
Explain unit speed, unit discharge unit power & specific speed.
Explain NPSH, in which parameter it depends on.
What is jet ratio?
What is Deriaz turbine?
Which turbine is good for tidal power plant?
What is Navier-stroke equation.
What are the significance of
Mach number
Weber number

Material Science
What is quazi-crystal?
What do you understand by a free cutting steel?
What elements are usually added to make a steel free cutting, & how they make the steel free cutting?
Explain various method of hardening of steel?
What do you understand by the term “Arrest point” in connecting with heat treatment of plain carbon steel?
What influence does grain size have on the mechanical properties of metals.
Describe the difference between brittle and ductile fracture.
What is the difference between natural & artificial aging?

Thermodynamics
What is availability function for a closed system?
If it is possible that entropy of a system can decrease during a given process?
What is dead state in thermodynamics?
What is exergy?
What happens to triple point line when projected to P-T plane?
What is compressibility factor and what is its value for Vander walls gases.
What are initial conditions for formation of shock waves?
What do you understand by choking in nozzle flows?
Is it possible that pressure and velocity decreases simultaneously/
Distinguish between “Available energy” & Availability?
What is pure substances.
What is critical point? What is the value of critical temperature, pressure & volume of water?
What is sublimation curve, fusion curve & vaporization curve?
What is Rayleigh Line & Fanno Line?
What is normal shocks & when its occurs?
What is High Grade Energy & Low Grade Energy?

Heat & Mass Transfer
What is Newton’s Law of cooling.
What is Recuperator & Regenerators?
Whether fin can actually reduce heat transfer? is it possible? When?
What is difference between Biot no. & Nusselt no?
Which one is greater, thermal boundary layer or hydrodynamic boundary layer?
What is film temperature in forced convection flow?
What is fully developed region and where it is applicable?
What is the critical radius of insulation, explain clearly in terms of thermal resistance and heat
transfer rate?
At what case do you recommend Fin?
What is the difference between free convection & forced convection in what parameter forced &
free convection depend.

Internal Combustion Engine What is the use of Carburetor in SI Engine, There is trend towards increases of injection system in
Automobiles, Explain.
Why Supercharging is not popular with SI Engines?
What is performance number.
Explain Knocking in SI Engine & Mention, the factor that tend to reduce Knocking?
Explain the difference between Knocking in SI Engine & CI Engine?
How does “Turbulence” differ from “Swirl”?
Name some Antiknock additive and explain the Mechanism by which they reduce the knock?
Power Plant engineering
What is slip ratio in thermal power plant?
In Pendant super heater whether parallel flow or counter flow heat exchange between steam and flue gases.
What happens to mass flow in case of supersaturated flow?
Why clearance are provided in reciprocating compressor?
Explain turbojet & Rocket Engine.
What’s the advantage of compounding of steam turbine?
What’s are boiler mounting & accessory.
Draw the sketch of pulse jet engine. What are its main advantage & disadvantage?
Explain working principal of scram jet engine,
what is advantage over the ramjet?
What are the advantage of nuclear power plants over thermal power plants.
What is fast breeder reactor?
What is circulation ratio and what is its range in power plant?
One 2-row Curtis turbine is equivalent to how many reaction turbines for same value of blade velocity and angle of nozzle?
What are thermal neutrons?
What is breeding ratio?
What is the application of jet and rocket technology? Which is used in missiles?

Strength of Materials
What do you mean by equal strength in a beam?
What is difference between pure shear and simple (normal) shear?
Is it possible that decrease in area gives a decrease in stress?
Whether shear stresses are always parallel to shear forces?
By which experiment, you find it toughness of material.
Distinguish between direct stress & bending stress.
What do you mean by Torsional rigidity & lateral rigidity?
Define “slenderness ratio”. How it is used in long and short column?

Machine Design
What are rolling contact bearing?
What are the anti friction bearings?
What is stress concentration factor?
What is the bolt of uniform strength?
What is the difference Static Load carrying
capacity & Dynamic Load carrying capacity?
Why we are not using the unit joule for torque instead of N-m.
What is Low cycle fatigue failure and High cycle fatigue failure? What are considerations of these while designing a machine?
What is mechanical advantage?
How trains take turns though there is no differential gear?
Do you know epicyclical gear box? What is the practical application of epicyclical gear box?
What is tooth profile? Which one is better?

Theory of Machines
What is Keneddy theorem?
Do we need a screw with efficiency less than 50%?
What is backlash?
What is damping ratio?
Define Resonance.
Define critical speed or whirling speed or
whipping speed.
What is machine? Giving example, Differentiate
between a machine & structure.
What is Mechanical advantage.

Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
What is utility of comfort chart?
hat is wet compression?
To maximize COP what should be the condition of vapour at suction to compression?
What is the range of NBP (normal boiling point) in case of most refrigerants?
Why COP of CO2 gas is less and still why it is used in transport refrigeration?
What are the most crucial parts in reciprocating compressors?
How compressors are selected based on type of refrigerant?
What is correlation between wet bulb
temperatures an adiabatic saturation temperature?
Why isothermal compressor is Desirable?
What is desirable property of ideal refrigerant?
Define effective temperature & what is the optimum design condition for comfort for summer A/C?

Production Engineering
Why arc is slowly extinguished in case of arc welding?
Which inert gas is commonly used for thin work piece and which inert gas for thick work piece?
What is friction welding?
What is difference between brazing & braze welding?
Why hole basis system is adopted in manufacturing?
What is 3- 2-1 principle?
Where diamond pin locator is used?
How presses are rated?
What is spring back?
What is difference between fillet and corner radius?
What are overhead costs?
Why depreciation is to be taken into account in industrial management?
Why breakeven point is important in any industry?
What is sine bar?
What is marginal cost and marginal revenue?
What is shear and where it is provided in case of punching and blanking?
What is angle of bite?
What is extrusion ratio?
What is gutter and where it is used?
Which process is used for making nuclear reactor fuel rods?
What is difference between Amorphous and crystalline solids?
What are the various method of inspection of
casting for internal & external defects?
Why are allowances provided for in the
production of patterns? What do they depend on?
What is the deference between soldering & brazing?
What is meant by solid-state welding explain.
What is cold welding?
Describe the principal behind resistance welding processes.
What function should a lubricant perform in manufacturing process?
Explain the difference between punching & blanking.
Explain the difference between discontinuous chips and segment chips.
Explain the different type of tool wear.
What is difference between oblique & orthogonal cutting.
What are the main difference between jig and fixture?
What is AOQ
What is LTPD
What is Producer risk
What is Consumer’s risk
What is JIT approaches?
What is group technology? What are its main advantages?
Define the term “production & productivity.
What is the significance of ISO 9000 series & 1400 series.
What is artificial intelligence?
Which welding process does not required any filler material?
What is tack weld?
Which process used for cutting thicker plates?
Where drooping characteristics of power source is required in arc welding?

2. HR questions:
1. Tell me about yourself?
2. What is your hometown famous for?
3. Tell about your achievements in life.
4. Your strengths and weakness
5. Are you a team player?
6. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
7. How would you know you will be successful on this job?
8. Describe your management style.
9. Global warming
10. Chief justice of India
11. Vice President of India
12. CEO of Apple, when did he die?
13. Gas scenario
14. RBI policy
15. Corporate Governance
16. Corporate Laws
17. Cast system is boon or bane ?
18. What’s the difference in the modus operandi of Amir Khan’s “Satyameva jayate” and Anna Hazares movement?
19. What will u do on your part to remove corruption? If you travel in a train without confirmed ticket will u bribe the TT for a seat?
20. What do u mean by optimistic. Is it always good to be optimistic or it helps sometimes to be pessimist?
21. What is difference between confidence and over confidence?
22. What is the difference between hard work and smart work?
23. What are your goals?
24. What motivates you to do a good job?
25. What makes you angry?
26. Give an example of your creativity
27. Describe ideal company, job, and location?
28. What are your hobbies?
29. Inspiration in your life and why?
30. What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?
31. Define success? and how do you measure up to your definition
32. About present job (if employed)
33. Why did you resign from your previous job?
34. Why have you been unemployed so long?
35. What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced?
36. What would you say to your boss if he is crazy about an idea, but you think it stinks?
37. Why should I hire you?
38. Explain how you would be an asset to this organisation.
39. If we give you a job will you leave IIT B or your organisation?
40. What changes would you make if you came on board?

Problems faced in your final year project and ways to avoid them

Your academic project would be a demanding, but an exciting learning experience. However, it is not without problems which, if not identified and addressed, could seriously effect the final result and ultimately reduce your marks. Here we mentioned some of these problems and how to avoid them

The “Overachiever” Problem:

A common problem is selecting a topic that is far too ambitious for the allotted time.   Remember that you have only a few weeks to finish the design, development and testing of your project. Be careful not to select a topic that is unrealistically large.  This can lead to frustration as well as errors caused by “cutting corners” and hurrying through the implementation.  Discuss with your supervisor the scale of what you are planning.  If he or she thinks it may be too large, consider implementing the project in stages, each complete in itself.  When stage I is working move on to stage II.  If you do not finish stage II, however, you still have a functioning system.

The “Do It Tomorrow” Problem:

The project weeks alloted for completion sounds like a long time, but it goes by quickly.  You need an implementation schedule that allocates reasonable amounts of work throughout the entire semester. Then you must stick to that schedule.  Don’t be tempted to postpone work on the project because your due date seems so far off.  All that happens is that during the final few weeks you rush madly to get something working, and project implemented in a rush rarely works correctly!

The “Sleeping Member” Problem:

In the ideal world, all team members have equal ability, equal interest in the problem, and work equally hard.  In the real world that may not happen.  You may have one (or more) team members who do not carry their share of the workload, not because of a lack of ability, but rather lack of interest or motivation.  This is a serious problem because, although part of your marks is based on each individual’s effort, another part is based on successfully finishing the project.  A non-contributing team member can slow down or prevent completion of the work.  If you have a teammate who is not doing his or her share of the work, talk to them and stress the importance of everyone doing their job.  If this does not solve the problem then talk to your supervisor.  Don’t let the failure of others prevent you from completing the work and receiving good marks.

The “Poop Out At The End” Problem:

You have worked hard for many weeks to complete the project. You have spent many late nights and chased down hundreds of bugs, but it is now working, so are you done?  Absolutely not!  The project evaluation is not based only on the programs you develop but also on your written reports and oral presentations.  Even though you may be “burned out” from implementation, remember there is still work to do. Don’t produce a poorly witten paper or give a poorly organized presentation.  That will negate much of your good work. Put in the time needed to prepare both a well written, high-quality final report and a well organized, polished presentation. A good job on these last steps will insure that you receive the marks that fairly represents the work you have done.

Tips for Perfect Final Year Project

For an effective project, it is advisable to carry out the following activities

• Defining the objectives of the project.
•  Acquiring background information about the problem and its possible solutions.
• Establishing the criteria by which your solution(s) to the problem will be judged.
• Determining by what process the work will be carried out.
• Planning the detailed phases of the project.
• Adopting one or more design methodologies.Analysing requirements.
• Using (or constructing) tools.
• Construction of one or more artefacts (hardware, software, document).
• Evaluating your solution to the problem.Reporting on your work.
  
  
  Whatever the nature of the problem you set out to solve, the conclusion of your project should be whether you solved it successfully or not.

Quotes

The monogram of our national initials, which is the symbol for our monetary unit, the dollar, is almost as frequently conjoined to the figures of an engineer's calculations as are the symbols indicating feet, minutes, pounds, or gallons. … This statement, while true in regard to the work of all engineers, applies particularly to that of the mechanical engineer..

— Henry R(obinson) Towne
"We don't see the things the way they are, We see things the Way We are"- Talmund

"Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overall and looks like work"
- Thomas A Edison

List of basic terms for Mechanical Engineering

1. Torque or Turning Force
2. Couple
3. Moment
4. Stress
5. Strain
6. Spring
7. Specific Weight
8. Specific Volume
9. Specific Gravity
10. Specific Heat
11. Viscosity
12. Buoyancy
13. Discharge of Fluid
14. Bernoulli's Equation
15. Device for Fluid
16. Mach Number
17. Hydraulic Machine
18. Draft Tube
19. Thermodynamics Law-

• zeroth law
• First law
• second law

20. Entropy
21. calorific value of fuel
22. Boiler/Steam Generator
23. Superheater
24. Air Preheater
25. Boiler Draught
26. Nozzle
27. Scavenging
28. Supercharging
29. Turbocharging
30. Governor
31. Flywheel
32. Rating of fuel-
S.I. engine
C.I. engine
33. Stoichiometric Mixture/ Stoichiometric Ratio
34. Heat Transfer
35. Thermal Conductivity
36. Heat Exchanger
37. Refrigeration
38. 1 tonne Refrigeration
39. Humidification
40. De humidification
41. Gear Train
42. Gyroscopic Couple
43. Heat Treatment
44. Ferrous-Metal
45. Non-ferrous metal
46. Allowance
47. Tolerance
48. Clearance
49. Stiffness
50. Toughness
51. Fatigue
52. Nuclear Fission
53. Nuclear Fusion
54. Welding
55. Machine Tool
56. Cutting Tool
57. Indexing
58. Jig
59. Fixture
Details
Torque or Turning Force: It is the total amount of force which is required to create acceleration on moving substance.

Couple: Two forces those acts on equally,parallely & oppositely on two separate points of same material.
Moment: It is the amount of moving effect which is gained for action of turning force.
Stress: It is the force that can prevent equal & opposite force. That means, it is the preventing force.  If one force acts on outside of a material, then a reactive force automatically acts to protest that force. The amount of reactive force per unit area is called stress. e.g. Tensile Stress, Compressive Stress, Thermal Stress.

Strain: If a force acts on a substance, then in that case if the substance would deform. Then the amount of deformation per unit length of that substance is called strain.

Spring: It is one type of device which is being distorted under certain amount of load & also can also go to its original face after the removal of that load. Its function:

• To store energy.
• To absorb energy.
• To control motion of two elements.

Stiffness: Load per unit deflection. The amount of load required to resist the deflection.

Specific Weight: Weight per unit volume of the fluid.
Specific Volume: Volume per unit mass of the fluid.

Specific Gravity: It is the ratio of specific weight of required substance to specific weight of pure water at 4 degree centigrade temperature.
Specific heat: The amount of heat required to increase 1 unit temperature of 1 unit mass.

Viscosity:

• Dynamic Viscosity: The amount of resistance of one layer of fluid over other layer of fluid.
• Kinematic Viscosity: It is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density.

Buoyancy: When a body is immersed in a liquid, it is lifted up by a force equal to weight of liquid displaced by the body. The tendency of liquid to lift up an immersed body is buoyancy. The upward thrust of liquid to lift up the body is called buoyancy force.
Bernoulli's Equation:
P/γ +V²/2g +Z = Constant
Where, P = pressure,V = velocity,Z = Datumn Head

Devices for fluid:

• Venturimeter: It measures discharge of fluid.
• Notches : It measures discharge of fluid.
• Orifice meter: It measures discharge of fluid.
• Pitot tube : It measures velocity of fluid.

Mach Number: It is the ratio of the velocity of fluid to the velocity of
sound.
M=1 ----------------- Sonic flow
M> (1-6) ----------- Super-Sonic flow
M>6 ---------------- Hyper-Sonic flow

Fluid discharge/Fluid flow: Quantity of fluid flowing per second. (through a section of pipe/ through a section of channel)
Q=AV
where, V= velocity of fluid,A= cross-sectional area of pipe/channel
Note: 1m³ = 1000 L1 cusec = 1 ft³/sec1 ft = 0.3048 m.

Hydraulic Machine:
Turbine,Pump,Compressor etc.
Draft tube:
It attaches with reaction turbine . Its function is to reduce energy loss from reaction turbine & it also reduce pressure at outlet which is must blow the atmospheric pressure.

Themodynamics Law:

• Zeroth Law
• First Law of Thermodynamic
• Second Law of thermodynamic

Zeroth Law: If two body are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then these two body are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics: In a closed system, work deliver to the surrounding is directly proportonal to the heat taken from the surrounding.And also, In a closed system, work done on a system is directly proportonal to the heat deliver to the surrounding.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: It is impossible to make a system or an engine which can change 100 percent input energy to 100 percent output.

Entropy: It is a thermodynamic property.
ds = dq/T
where, ds = change of entropy, dq = change of heat,
T = Temperature.
In adiabatic process, entropy can not change. Actually,lacking or mal-adroitness of tranfering energy of a system is entropy.

Calorific Value of fuel:
It us the total amount of heat obtained from burning 1 kg solid or liquid fuel.
Boiler/Steam

• Generator: It is a clossed vessel which is made of steel. Its function is to transfer heat to water to generate steam.
• Economiser: It is a part of boiler. Its function is to heat feed water which is supplied to boiler.
• Superheater: It is a part of boiler. Its function is to increase temperature of steam into boiler.
• Air-Preheater: It is a part of boiler. Its funtion is to preheats the air to be supplied to furnace and it recover heat from exhaust gas.
• Boler Draught: It is an important term for boiler. It is the difference of pressure above and below the fire grate. This  pressure difference have to maintain very carefully inside the bolier. It actually maintaind the rate of steam generation. This depends on rate of fuel burning. Inside the boiler rate of fuel burning is maintained with rate of entry fresh air. If proper amount of  fresh air never entered into the boiler, then proper amount of fuel inside the boiler never be  burnt. So, proper fresh air enters into the boiler only by maintaining boiler draught.

Nozzle: Nozzle is a duct of varying cros-sectional area. Actually, it is a passage of varying cross-sectional area. It converts steam's heat energy into mechanical energy. It is one type of pipe or tube that carrying liquid or gas. Scavenging: It is the process of removing burnt gas from combustion chamber of engine cylinder.
Supercharging: Actually, power output of engine depends on what amount of air enter into the engine through intake manifold. Amount of entry aiy if increased, then must be engine speed will increased. Amount of air  will be increased by increasing inlet air density. The process of increasing inlet air density is supercharging. The device which is used for supercharging is called supercharger.Superchargeris driven by a belt from engine crakshaft. It is installed in intake system. Turbocharging: Turbocharging is similar to the supercharging. But in that case tubocharger is installed in exhaust system whereas supercharger is installed in intake system. Turbocharger is driven by force of exhaust gas. Generally, turbocharger is used for 2-stroke engine by utilizing exhaust energy of the engine, it recovers energy otherwise which would go waste..
Governeor: Its function id to regulate mean speed of engine when there are variation in the load. If load incrases on the engine, then engine's speed must decrease. In that case supply of working fluid have to increase. In the otherway, if load decrease on the engine, then engine' speed must increase. In that case supply of working fluid have to decrease.Governor automatcally, controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with varying load condition.

Flywheel: It is the one of the main parts of the I.C. engine. Its main function id to store energy in the time of working stroke or expansion stroke. And, it releasesenergy to the crankshaft in the time of suction stroke, compression stroke & exhaust stroke. Because, engine has only one power producing stroke.

Rating of fuel:
S.I. Engine:
Octane number. Octane number indicates ability of fuel to resist knock.
C.I. Engine:
Cetane Number. Cetane number indicates ability of ignition of diesel fuel. That means, how much fast ignites diesel fuel.

Stoichiometric ratio: It is the chemically correct air-fuel ratio by volume. By which theoratically sufficient oxygen will be gotten to burn all combustible elements in fuel completely.

Heat Transfer:  It is a science which deals with energy transfer between material bodies as a result of temperature difference.There are three way to heat transfer such as-Conduction Convection  Radiation.

Thermal Conductivity: It is the quantity of heat flows between two parts of solid material by conduction. In this case following consideration will be important fact-
Time------ 1 sec
Area of that solid material-------- 1 m²
Thickness of that solid material------ 1m
Temperature difference between two parts of that material------ 1k

Heat Exchanger: It is one type of device which can transfer heat from one fluid to another fluid. Example- Radiator, intercooler, preheater, condenser, boiler etc.
Refrigeration: It is the process of removing heat from a substance. Actually, extraction of heat from a body whose temperature is already below the temperature of its surroundings.
1 tonne of refrigeration: It is amount of refrigeration effect or cooling effect which is produced by uniform melting of 1 tonne ice in 24 hours from or at 0 degree centigrade or freezing 1 tonne water in 24 hours from or at 0 degree centigrade.

Humidification: It is the addition of moisture to the air without change dry bulb temperatur.
Dehumidification: It is the removal of moisture from the air without change dry bulb temperature.

Gear Train: Meshing of two or more gear. It can transmit power from one shaft to another shaft.
Heat Treatment: Operation involving heating and cooling of a metal in solid state for obtaining desirable condition without being changed chemical composition.Its object- increase hardness of metal.increase quality of metal ( heat, corrosion,wear resistance quality ) improve machinability.

Ferrous Metal:
1. Cast Iron - (2-6.67)%C, Si, Mn, P, S
2. Steel - (0-2)%C
3. Wrought Iron - 99.5% Fe
Non-Ferrous Metal:
1. Brass - (Cu+Zn)
2. Bronze -
(Sn+Cu) ------ Tin Bronze
(Si+Cu) ------- Silicon Bronze
(Al+Cu) ------- Aluminum Bronze

Allowance:
It is the difference between basic dimension of mating parts. That means, minimum clearance between mating parts that can be allowed.

Tolerance: It is the difference between upper limit of dimension. It is also the permissible variation above and below the basic size. That means maximum permissible variation in dimensions.

Clearance: It is the difference in size between mating parts. That means, in that case the outside dimension of the shaft is less than internal dimension of the hole.
Stiffness: It is the ability to resist deformation.

Toughness: It is the property to resist fracture.

Fatigue: When a material is subjected to repeated stress below yield point stress, such type of failure is fatigue failure.

Nuclear Fission: It is a nuclear reaction by which one big nucleous divided into two or more nucleous.

Nuclear Fussion: It is also a nuclear reaction by which one big nucleous will produced by adding two small nucleous.

Welding: It is the process of joining two similar or dissimilar metal by fusion.

Arc Welding -* need D.C current
* produced (6000-7000) Degree Centegrade Temperature
Gas Welding -
* Oxy - acetylene flame join metals
* Oxygen & acetylene gas works
* produced 3200 Degree Centegrade Temperature
Machine Tool: It is the power driven tool. It cut & form all kinds of metal parts.
Example - 1. Lathe2. Drill Press3. Shaper4. Planer5.Grinding6. Miling7. Broaching8. Boring
Cutting Tool: Tool Materials for Cutting Tool:
1. High Carbon Steel
2. High Speed Steel (W+Cr+V)
3. Carbide (W Carbide+Ti Carbide+Co Carbide)
Indexing: It is the method of dividing periphery of job into equal number of division. Actually, it is the process of dividing circular or other shape of workpiece into equal space, division or angle.

Jig: It is one type of device which hold & locate workpiece and also guide & control cutting tool. It
uses in drilling, reaming and tapping.
Fixture: It is one type of device which hold and locate workpiece. It uses in miling, grinding, planning & turning.

CAD/CAM COURSES

In general, there are three program options for mechanical CAD students, including certificate, diploma and 2-year degree programs. Certificate programs are frequently two semesters in length and designed to train entry-level mechanical CAD operators. There are also certificate programs that require fewer credits to complete, which are designed for students with engineering backgrounds.

Mechanical CAD diploma programs include a few general education courses along with CAD and engineering design courses.  Associate's degrees in mechanical CAD require an average of 70 credits and include general education, mechanical CAD and other technology courses. An Associate in Applied Science in Mechanical CAD is for students who want to become professional mechanical drafters.

List of Courses
The following courses are commonly offered in mechanical CAD educational programs. Beginning CAD Course This foundation course teaches students to operate CAD software and hardware. Traditional technical drafting skills, including freehand sketching, are reviewed. Basic CAD skills are introduced and used to create 2-dimensional representations. Various software packages, including AutoCAD, are also taught.

Mechanical CAD Course
In this course, instructors introduce CAD techniques for mechanical drafting, building on the skills learned in the beginning CAD course. Mechanical CAD students create detailed engineering drawings using CAD software such as ProE. Industry standards for engineering design, including geometric dimensions and tolerance standards, are incorporated in class work. Computer Graphics for Engineering Course Topics covered in this course include creating 3- dimensional graphical representations of mechanisms. Students use applications such as animation software to view engineering graphics. This is an introductory course completed in the first semester of study in a 2-year program. Manufacturing Materials and Processes Course Properties of various manufacturing materials are surveyed in this course. Processes used to engineer products, such as forming and molding, are also covered. Specific materials studied include metals, plastics and ceramics. This course is a prerequisite for a course in machine design.

Machine Design Course
Students study the function of individual machine components and then design each component using
CAD software. Coursework concentrates on material choice, precision calculations and cost estimates. A portion of the course is focused on the inter connectivity of mechanical elements such as
belts, bearings, cams and shafts, in machine design.

Physics and Materials for Mechanical CAD

Operators Course
In this course, students study the physical properties of materials and material performance under certain stressors. General physics topics such as inertia, stress and torque are reviewed. This course is normally completed near the end of a 2-year program. As at the first step I have try to list all the CAD software. If I am missing some software to mention, than surely you can help me by informing me about that CAD, thermal software.

CAD software list
CAD SOFTWARES CO#1
CAD SOFTWARES CO#2
Autodesk
Alibre Design
Autocad electrical
Autodesk Revit
Autodesk Inventor
Auto CAD
Autodesk 3ds Max
Brics cad
CATIA
Creo Parametric / ProEngineer
DraftSight
Femap
Google SketchUp
Iron CAD
Kompas-3D
KeyCreator
Mastercam
Solid Edge
NX
Top Solid
Rhino
Via CAD 3D
SolidFace
SpaceClaim
SolidWorks
Turbo CAD
ZW3D

Machine Design Software
Patran
Analysis CAD Software list:
ANALYSIS CAD SOFTWARE CO#1
ANALYSIS CAD SOFTWARE CO#2
Ansys
Abaqus
SIMUFACT
COMSOL Multiphysics
SIMULIA*

Random:
1. RecurDyn : according to official site it is specially designed for simulation of kinematics and dynamics problems.
2. Physical Modeling and Simulation Software – MapleSim is a drag-and-drop modeling tool allowing you to produce simulation models of multi-domain systems.
3. Mech-Q Engineering Software is a suite of engineering routines that run in AutoCAD or IntelliCAD. Features Piping, Mechanical, HVAC and Structural. Free trials.
4. Designerswest is a technical publisher / distributor of practical engineering/scientific calculation software and reference handbooks for students, designers, engineers, architects and educators.
5. Professional Shunt Calibration Calculator – Strainmatics guides the user through the shunt calibration using a step wise approach.
6. Svara Software – Mechanical and Structural Engineering Analysis & Design Software
7. Multi-disciplinary Design and Analysis Software – EngineersToolbox (ETBX) is a comprehensive software tool for engineering design and analysis.
8. Michael Rainey has various software for machining professionals.
9. Hamilton Design Group has several freeware AutoCAD programs.
10. Ciclo Vbelt specially designed for centrifugal machine that can drive or run on belt.
11. Hanley Innovations – several aerodynamics software packages available.
13. LV-Soft.com – engineering software for pressure vessel design and plant design.
14. Reckon It, Inc. – 1.85 log graph based engineering software for automatic sprinkler demand and water supply analysis.
15. Design Flow Solutions provides the engineer with a range of computer tools to solve fluid flow problems.
16. Job Master production control and tracking software for small to medium-sized manufacturers and job shops.
17. JMatPro is an innovative software for modeling materials properties and behavior of multi-component alloys.
18. SAMCEF has various useful software packages for mechanical engineers.
19. Perspective CMMS provides independent advice on the selection of maintenance software and CMMS systems.
20. S&J Enterprises offers comprehensive maintenance software, as well as extensive consulting, training and implementation services.
21. Network Analysis Inc. makes SINDA/G Thermal Analyis software – supplying NASA since 1982.
22. ReliaSoft Corporation provides software, training and professional services for reliability engineering and related fields.
23. Maintenance Connection provides Web- Based Maintenance Management Software (or Web-Based CMMS Software).
24. PipingOffice has 22 Excel spreadsheets for piping calculations – pressures, branch reinforcements, miters etc.
25. ModelPress is a new free technology that publishes and displays 3D CAD models over the web and desktop.
26. eMachineShop – the remarkable new way to get the custom parts you need. You design and they machine your parts via the web. It’s easy, convenient, and low cost.
27. vDECC – project management software designed to operate from FEED (Front End Engineering Design).
28. PUMP-FLO.com – Free online pump sizing and selection software. Select from leading manufacturers online pump catalogs.
29. CustomCommerce manages engineers’ product information to streamline the sale of complex products.
30. PIPENET™ is a powerful software tool for the engineer who needs to carry out fluid flow analysis on a network of pipes and ducts quickly and reliably.
31. Process Ace Software specializes in hand- held (PalmOS) computer software for Process & Mechanical Engineers in the process industries.
32. HB Team develops software for fluid dynamics applied to turbomachinery.
33. Innovision Systems, Inc. specializes in in 2D/3D Motion Analysis, High-Speed Video and Data Acquisition systems.
34. Free CAD Viewer – view AutoCAD drawings with free DWG/DXF/DWF viewer.
35. SST Systems, Inc. offers software for piping stress, fluid flow and nozzle flexibility analyses.
36. FMEA-Pro is Failure Modes and Effects Analysis software for manufacturers of Automotive, Electronic, Aerospace, Defense and Manufacturing products.
37. Systek Technologies offers software for Gas Properties & Hydraulics, Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics, Centrifugal Pump Performance & more!
38. HVAC Solution is a revolutionary new software tool for the design of HVAC equipment and systems.
39. CADSymbols.com offers instant access to over 8 million online CAD symbols.
40. JackBolt.com has web-based software for manufacturers – resource planning, cost analysis, supply chain management and more.
41. WATT Mechanism Design Tool is a new software package from Heron-Technologies. WATT is a unique conceptual design tool focused on mechanism and linkage design.
42. ThermoAnalytics, Inc. – Developers of advanced thermal modeling and infrared analysis software for engineering design and analysis.
43. Free Mechanical Engineering Software – CAD/CAM, FEA and others.
44. Engineering Power Tools – over 70 program modules and data tables are organized into one easy-to-use package.
45. Cullimore and Ring Technologies, Inc. – Thermal/Fluid Software and Consulting. C&R provides products and services in the areas of heat transfer and fluid system design and analysis.
*Simulia contain multi-physics and Abaqus as its module or you can purchase them separately.

Motivate yourself for Gate or future!

By Expert..

1. If you show some guts to open up by not hiding behind "anon" - may be some one would have noted your situation and might have assisted you.

2. The moment you don't get a job, you people feel that you are untouchable. If that is what you believe how outsiders can understand you?

3. You are just 23- ( believe me if you can) when I was 45, a mere commerce graduate had two
children - I left the job to move back to my state - but without a job for 1 year. Then I just invented myself - and changed not only the horses but also the entire vehicle - and migrated from accounts to advertising.

4. You have not got GATE, and you are an instrumentation engineer and you got a break in employment and you feel and decided that you have
been fucked up.

5. Did you ever do masturbation? After doing it, did you ever feel guilty of doing it? And after a week you did it and enjoyed it and after its over you feel guilty about it ... it's a unending story.

6. I am afraid you young people should learn lot from Congress party. You can not be a AAP member and still want to survive in this society.

7. There are no Sages or Sri Rama in this society and we are all in a kind of society where we make up ourselves to get our daily bread.

8. The HR manager is cheating telling you in his company - only the real worker will be rewarded;
The management cheating explaining that the sky is the limit for real performer.
The Banker is cheating that they have money to loan you;
The team manager is cheating by telling that all the team members are equal to him. And we - as an individual - are unable to tell simple lie for our own life sake.

We tell lies to our girl friends and to our parents but when it comes to the job, we want to be naked there.

9. Stop telling in resume that you have a break ( not GAP) in employment. So after two days you will believe in your resume. You search some thing - some idea, some clue to cement that "gap". And re write the resume.

10. Do not show your or explain your strengths and weakness etc., Add a good convincing creative covering letter.

11. Being instrumentation engineer - you should look for job titles like " Team manager, assist manager - commercial, or purchase or design or Site Engineer of any trade, or else get back to e commerce ( not a software job)

12. Don't get fucked up by drawing circles and boundaries around you.

13. Have some flexibility and look beyond that instrumentation and GATE.

14. There are half a billion people with out IIT or IIM
or GATE. And they are happy.

15. Do not spend too much time on FB, delete your resume from Linked In.

How to study smart not hard?

Why is it that some students study really hard, but aren’t the best in their age group or get “only” average grades? And why is it that there are other students who do not even invest half the amount of time and effort into their studies, but get good or even outstanding results?

Intelligence certainly plays a role. But: The way you study can make or break your success at school/
college/university. My recommendation is to study smart, which can help you to save a lot of time  that would have been lost with unfocused attempts of “studying hard”. This article is, however, not intended as an excuse for students not to study at all. You will have to invest the proper amount of time for studying, there’s no way around. But, this article guides you on how to make the most out of the time you invest for studying. This article’s goal is to enable you to reduce the unnecessary parts of your studies and to focus on the important.
When I started studying, I was shocked to see many of my fellow students rushing into the library only to leave with seven or more books in their hands. That’s what I call ambitious. Many of them had lent every single book our professor’s had commended – sometimes up to 4 different books per  subject. Inclusively the script for each subject, it became a massive mountain of learning material (for them). For a very short time, I was a little frightened by their eagerness, but I held on to the decision of keeping my focus on the important. I kept it simple, lent two books I really needed, and in the end – I got the same and often better results in the examinations than the “overachiever”-crowd.

How did I do it? I studied smart and only periodically hard.
How to study smart not hard?
And how to avoid studying for so long?
This article is partitioned into three parts. 

Part A) Preparation and
Part B) Mindset focus on the organization of information that makes it easier for you to recall.
Part C) is the main part of the concept of “studying smart”.

A) Preparation

1. Get a study game plan.

You want to study smart, right? Hence, it makes sense not to approach your work in an unfocused, undirected way. Don’t dive head first into the topic. That’s the way that would actually cost you a lot of time. Instead, create a study game plan where you specify the day you begin to prepare for your exams create a daily schedule of tasks you want to accomplish during exam preparation create a detailed to-do-list , (keep a close eye on what is really important) enumerate the books you need to read (better: just the important sections you really need to know for the test) itemize the various tasks and exercises you want to do for preparation.
Depending on the difficulty of your exams and how many weeks and months you have for studying,
you could also categorize the weeks/months for preparation into different phases, from
I. basic refreshment of knowledge ,
II. studying, revision and exercise to
III. intensive cracking down – social life on hold.
How to do it the smart way?
A clear goal that you pursue gradually with your plan helps you to avoid many extra- hours, but it also allows you to direct your focus on the important.

2. Summarize.

I’ve had many exams about the content of an entire  book, most of these books in the range of 500-1200 pages. And even if you have only some chapters from a book/journal to read for the test, I highly  recommend you to create summaries, while working through the book. That way, you establish the fundament on which you can build upon, during the upcoming study phase, without having to read the book all over again. But you also train yourself to quickly identify the key statements in large texts that are very likely to be tested in the exam. As a consequence, it’ll be easier for you to skip large amounts of irrelevant data, while sifting through the book.

3.Separate the wheat from the chaff.

While you listen to a lecture or read through a textbook, give the  following a try:

Separate  continuously information that is important (“ Could this knowledge be tested in an exam? ”) from the unimportant (“ Is my teacher digressing or listing irrelevant data? ”).
Take notes of the important points your professor/teacher talks about and add annotations to your script or lecture notes.  Making these important additions to your script will help you at a later time to grasp important coherences.  You can also highlight important sentences or passages from the text, so that you can easily avoid reading through large amounts of unimportant data in your script.

B) Mindset

1. When you study, give 110%

When I went to school, I almost always had to study for long periods of time in order to memorize and understand given contents. The big mistake I made  was to study hard and for long periods of time, but I was not always focused on what I did. I got distracted by my mobile phone, the internet, TV, radio, telephone, friends or any other amusement one can think of. Nowadays, when I study I always give a 110%; I reduce distractions to a minimum and give my very best to avoid procrastination. I may have a time limit of 1-2 hours, but I want to make use of that time as much as possible. Thereafter, I have even more leisure time.
How to study smart:
When you study, do it in a focused and proper way, avoid any kinds of distractions and use the time you have to the maximum!

2. Continuity

Doing all-nighters some days before your examinations will not only exhaust you to a large degree, but will also force you to rush through the data, in place of studying properly. Instead of opting for all-nighters, consider spending half an hour after each day at university with post-treatment, i.e. reading a chapter in the book, making a summary  or doing some exercises. All this preliminary work will help you to spend more time with studying (during your exam preparation period), instead of having to engage with all kinds of inefficient tasks, such as extracting data from your books, trying to
grasps (arithmetic) operations and building an understanding etc.
Why is that smart?
If you already did the groundwork during the term, you’ll be able to focus a lot more on smart ways of studying.

C) The main part of “ studying smart”

1. Don’t try to memorize, understand!

One of the major mistakes I made – when studying hard not smart – was to learn by heart, which is really time-intensive. Rote memorization is fine and dandy if an upcoming exam requires you to reproduce what you have learned word for word. But the higher you rise in the educational system, the less important will it be to memorize and  reproduce, as your understanding and the ability to draw consequences will be tested instead.
In most cases, memorization corresponds to studying hard, not smart. Focus your attention on the understanding and comprehension of the knowledge that is taught.
But: How to understand complex topics?

Establish links and associations
Information becomes knowledge through connections. If you cannot relate to a complex topic, it’ll be very difficult to understand it. But, when you discover similarities and link new knowledge with concepts that you already comprehend, understanding the matter becomes easier. Try to spot ties between different topics and establish links between concepts that overlap.
Studying smart can help you to save a lot of time Imagine the subject matter as vivid as possible. Instead of recognizing the fact that the material you study consists of numbers, words and sentences,
think in pictures (headword: visually thinking). By doing so, you direct a movie in your mind that will help you to memorize facts faster and for a longer period.
What you basically do is the association of emotions (in the form of pictures) with rather unemotional data. It is difficult to memorize the numbers “483215”, but if you link each number with a picture and create a funny story out of it, it will be very easy to memorize the number-combination for a longer period of time. [By the way, this is THE memory trick artists use to memorize seemingly- indefinite number combinations.]
Emotions
Connecting emotions with your subject will greatly help you to internalize the topic. Have fun while studying! It’s for a fact that remembering things we  associate intensive feelings with is by far easier.
Also, if you’re really interested in a subject matter, learning becomes a lot more joyous. Once you manage to become curious about your subject and develop an interest in it, you’ve made an important
step towards a smarter way of studying.
Simplification through analogies
In school and university you’ll be confronted with various complex facts and circumstances. Make
use of analogies [= comparisons] and try to compare a very complicated issue with a more simplified one, which makes it easier to understand the bigger picture of that which is taught.
Simplification through patterning
While you study, make sure to pay attention to continual patterns within the subject matter that occur again and again. By noticing and understanding these reoccurring patterns, you begin to understand the framework on which the topic is constructed. Once you have a good overview of such a framework, the acquisition of new information that is based on the same pattern will be a lot less difficult.
Make use of acronyms
If you’re confronted with difficult, specialist words,  names or formula, an acronym can be an excellent aide-memoir for the memorization of the word or formula. Take for instance the rather simplex name “Enhanced Health and Usage Diagnostic System”. It’s acronym is “EHUDS”, which sounds like “e- hud’s” or “e-hat’s”. All you have to do now is to think about electronic hat’s and you’ll most likely be able to come up with the acronym “EHUDS”, from which you can rebuilt the original name.

2. Keep the bigger picture in mind

The constructing of a car can serve as example of the learning process. Your professor supplies the “know how” during his lectures, for instance the  detailed knowledge how an engine works. The textbooks and other learning materials supply you with the chassis, frame, tires and bolts. But, it is up to the student to make use of the know how, in order to use it for the combination of the delivered material. It’s the student’s job to put the car together and to keep the bigger picture of what is taught in mind.
If the student stubbornly tries to memorize the position of each part in the car, he/she will not be able to (re-)construct a car from a thousand of individual parts. Memorizing the different names of each part will not help either.
Only by keeping in mind that the know how and material are at one’s disposal for the creation of a
car, the student can effectively prepare for an upcoming test.

3. Perfect your type of studying

There are basically four basic types of studying: Visual, Auditory, Emotional and Kinesthetic.

1. Visual Learners: A visual learner studies most effective when the learning material is depicted in a visual way, e.g. in the form of charts, maps or brainstorming.
2. Auditory Learners: An auditory learner studies most effectively by hearing the information, for instance in a lecture or by recording their own words.
3. Emotional Learners: An emotional learner studies most effectively by associating feelings, emotions and vivid images with the information.
4. Kinesthetic Learners: A kinesthetic learner studies most effective when the information can be experienced and felt, i.e. via “learning by doing”.

Effective Study Methods
In order to study in the smartest possible way you need to discover which type of studying you prefer.
Once you know what works best for you, align your process of learning to make the most out of it.
Students that are mathematically talented should put their notes into spreadsheets, graphs and charts; kinesthetic learners imagine the learning material as vivid as possible; linguistic learners discuss the material with others or record their voice while reading the subject out-loud, etc.