Abstract of Next Generation 2-Stroke Engine

Abstract of Next Generation 2-Stroke Engine

Developed by Orbital leading international developer of engine technologies direct in cylinder fuel injection & lean bum system for enhanced fuel economy & lower emission. This technology exceeds the EP A 2006 emission standards & offers 40% fuel efficiency over conventional two stroke. Different automotive companies have licensed & experimented with Orbital clean burning two-stroke engine & auto major like Peugot, Aprila & other are directly installing these on their new models. It may not take long before this technology reaches India as Bajaj auto already has a tie-up with Orbital. This technology is not only restricted to two wheeler but Ford, BMW and other four wheeler auto majors have used this technology to manufacture cars powered with ASDI. Two stroke engine which much better performance than an equivalent four stroke engine.

Principle Of (A R C) : -

When fuel is brought to the right pressure & temperature; molecule breaks down into what are known as active radical molecules. These are highly unstable chemical compounds. Formed as an intermediate step in the actual combustion reaction. When hot exhaust gases remains in the cylinder the small percentage of active radical molecules combines with the incoming fuel charge & begins to auto ignite at a lower temperature than a pure petrol/air mixture.

1. Fresh fuel (white) enters the combustion chamber, pushing the exhaust (gray) out the open exhaust valve in opposite side of the cylinder.

2. The incoming fuel mixes with the exhaust & some pockets of fuel are isolated within the exhaust. The exhaust valve closes & the compression of the mixture is increased as the piston travels upwards.

3. The fuel/exhaust mixture is compressed & auto ignites as the piston reaches the top· of its stroke. This bums all the fuel, and reduces the emission of unbent hydrocarbons into the environment. At small throttle openings, a conventional two stroke will start a repeating pattern of misfiring, which allows a large amount of unbent gas and oil to be expelled directly into the atmosphere. At these low engine speed, the mixture not ignite by the spark is the expelled directly into the exhaust system. Each time this misfiring occurs, the amount of fuel remaining in the cylinder increase, until it is great enough to be ignited by the spark. But the EXP-2 ignites the entire mixture without the use of spark at low & medium loads and is able to bum off and oil in the cylinder in every cycle, eliminating the possibility of misfire and reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This 400-cc single cylinder not only uses the ASDI and active radial combustion but a trapping valve too. This is a new technology ion the design of exhaust valve for two-stroke engine

Definition of Cylinder deactivation

Definition of Cylinder deactivation

With alternatives to petrol engine being announced ever so often, we could be forgiven for thinking that the old favorite, the petrol engine, is on its last legs. But nothing could be further from the truth and the possibilities for developing the petrol engine are endless.

One of the most crucial jobs on the agenda is to find ways of reducing fuel consumptions, cutting emissions of the green house gas, co2, and also the toxic emissions which threaten air quality. One such fast emerging technology is cylinder deactivation.

CYLINDER DEACTIVATION

2.1 CONSIDERING DAIMLER CHRYSLER

By considering Daimler Chrysler's new 300cc car's powered by a revival of one of the greatest muscle car engine of all time, the V8 Hemi. This third generation grand master of funk has a capacity of 5.7litres snorts out 340 bhp with 54kgm torque and like all Hemis since the early 1950's has a pushrod valve train rather than a over head cam setup. But even though this Hemi can match its forebears on power 'its thirst for fuel has been cut by 10 to 20%. It is done by Chrysler's new multi displacement system (mds).

When using a lot of power, such as during acceleration, the hemi fires on all eight cylinders as usual. But around town or when cruising -even at motor way speeds or under gentle acceleration-the engine switches to frugal four cylinder mode.

Multi displacement system (mds) is activated at part throttle between 1000 rpm and 3000 rpm, when a hydraulically actuated catch in the special valve lifters trips to prevent the valves from opening. Hot gases are trapped in four of the eight cylinders, compressing and expanding like giant air springs as the engine turns over and keeping the cylinder warm. But as long as the valves remain closed, only four cylinders consume fuel instead of eight.

Engine efficiency is also improved because the four dormant cylinders are no longer working hard at sucking air into the engine, something that consumes a substantial amount of power. Although the average fuel saving is 10% ,under certain conditions it is a huge 20%.The transition from eight cylinders to four cylinders happens in just 40 mille seconds under the control of sophisticated engine management software which controls not just the multidisplacement system but also a drive-by-wire throttle.

CONSIDERING HONDA

IN Japan the 3.0 liter I-VTEC (intelligent VTEC) V6 of the Honda inspire can also deactivate tree of its first cylinders refinement being guaranteed by active hydraulic engine mounts to cancel out any vibration and active noise control with in the cabin to neutralize any unwanted booming. Honda's CIVIC IMA hybrid also make use of V TEC to deactivate three cylinders on the over run-again to reduce the pumping losses and cut fuel consumption

CONSIDERING GENERAL MOTORS

The actual idea of cylinder deactivation is not new. General Motors tried it in 1981 with the V-8-6-4 engine but through lack of sophisticated electronics drivability was awful. Now GM is returning to the idea again and is to soon launch Displacement on Demand (DOD} on itsVortecV 8's improving consumption by between 6 and 8%.

Three Laws of Robotics

Over the course of human history the emergence of certain new technologies have globally transformed life as we know it. Disruptive technologies like fire, the printing press, oil, and television have dramatically changed both the planet we live on and mankind itself, most often in extraordinary and unpredictable ways. In pre-history these disruptions took place over hundreds of years. With the time compression induced by our rapidly advancing technology, they can now take place in less than a generation. We are currently at the edge of one such event. In ten years robotic systems will fly our planes, grow our food, explore space, discover life saving drugs, fight our wars, sweep our homes and deliver our babies. In the process, this robotics driven disruptive event will create a new 200 billion dollar global industry and change life as you now know it, forever. Just as my children cannot imagine a world without electricity, your children will never know a world without robots. Come take a bold look at the future and the opportunities for Mechanical Engineers that wait there.
The Three Laws of Robotics are:
1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law

Mechanical Seminar Topics

Mechanical Seminar Topics

Latest Mechanical Engineering Seminar Topics for Final Year Presentations

Find the list of the latest mechanical seminar topics here. We have added PPT and PDF reports in as much mechanical seminar topics as possible. Please refer our topics, ppts and pdf reports, we hope it will contribute something to your final year mechanical seminar presentations. Please make good use of all the topics mentioned here, though that doesn’t mean using them as itself in your reports. Make as much additions from your side as possible. Please see that the intention of sharing these mechanical topics here is just to help you get additional information, not to trick your professors, though I would love doing that .

Some personal tips for your Mechanical Engineering Presentations:

1.     Drink a glass of water before starting your presentation. For a first timer it is very likely to have a stage fear and dryness of mouth. A glass of water can help this.

2.     Be confident, appear confident.

3.     Answer all the questions even if you are not sure of the answers. It is your presentation and no one among the audience including your professors know more about the subject than you. Your word is final.

4.     Don’t read from the slides. Yes there is every chance you will get nervous and forget what you learned. Take your time, look at the slide, read it in mind and explain that to the audience.

5.     Take your time, do not rush.

6.     Leave gap in your presentations for questions and learn their answers. It is better to face a question you want to be asked than surprises.

Have a Good Presentation.

Mechanical Seminar Topics List

• Low Cost Wind Power Plant
• Vertical Dam Gate and Hoist Mechanism
• Seminar Topic on Four wheel steering system
• Catalytic converter for cars
• Hybrid vehicles
• Air Cars
• Electronic fuel injection (EFI)
• Hydrogen (water) Powered vehicle
• Remote controlled material handling equipment (RCMHE)
• Remote controlled material handling robotic crane for Bomb squads
• Fire Fighting Robot
• Over speed indicator and Accident Avoidance systems in a four wheeler
• Wall Climbing Robot (WCR)
• Adaptive Cruise Control System
• Magnetic Levitation Train

5 Basic Operations of Lathe Machine

(i) Facing: This operation is almost essential for all works. In this operation, as shown in fig., the work piece is held in the chuck and the facing tool is fed from the center of the work piece towards the outer surface or from the outer surface to the center, with the help of a cross-slide.
(ii) Plane Turning: It is an operation of removing excess amount of material from the surface the surface of the cylinder work piece. In this operation, shown in fig., the work is held either in the chuck or between centers & the longitudinal feed is given to the tool either by hand or power.
(iii) Step Turning: It is an operation of producing various steps of different diameters of in the work piece as shown in fig. This operation is carried out in the similar way as plain turning.
(iv) Drilling : It is an operation of making a hole in a work piece with the help of a drill. In this case as shown in fig., the work piece, by rotating the tail stock hand wheel. The drill is fed normally, into the rotating work piece, by rotating the tail stock hand wheel.
(v) Reaming : It is an operation of finishing the previously drilled hole. In the operation as shown in fig., a reamer is held in the tailstock and it is fed into the hole in the similar way as for drilling.

New Generation of Electricity

The invention of a new generation of electricity from the
water inside the water faucet in an easy way and take
advantage of the resulting energy to light electric lamps.

Five Principal Components in Cooling System.

Vehicle has five principal components in its cooling system.
i.) Radiator: — an auto radiator has a set of tubes called the "core" that the coolant flows through. Cooling fins surround the core. As air passes through the fins, the coolant releases its heat to the fins, which dissipate the heat.
ii.) Radiator cap :— there has to be a place to pour in coolant and the radiator cap covers that filling hole. The cap is also designed to seal the system to a specific pressure.
iii.) Radiator hoses: — the coolant goes from the radiator to the engine through a series of hoses that are sturdy and flexible enough to handle engine vibration and high heat.
iv.) Thermostat :— like the device on your home heating/ cooling system, the engine thermostat keeps the engine at the proper operating temperature.
v.) Water pump: — this is the heart of the engine cooling system. It pumps coolant through the whole cooling system, and into the engine block.