Definition of Cylinder deactivation

Definition of Cylinder deactivation

With alternatives to petrol engine being announced ever so often, we could be forgiven for thinking that the old favorite, the petrol engine, is on its last legs. But nothing could be further from the truth and the possibilities for developing the petrol engine are endless.

One of the most crucial jobs on the agenda is to find ways of reducing fuel consumptions, cutting emissions of the green house gas, co2, and also the toxic emissions which threaten air quality. One such fast emerging technology is cylinder deactivation.

CYLINDER DEACTIVATION

2.1 CONSIDERING DAIMLER CHRYSLER

By considering Daimler Chrysler's new 300cc car's powered by a revival of one of the greatest muscle car engine of all time, the V8 Hemi. This third generation grand master of funk has a capacity of 5.7litres snorts out 340 bhp with 54kgm torque and like all Hemis since the early 1950's has a pushrod valve train rather than a over head cam setup. But even though this Hemi can match its forebears on power 'its thirst for fuel has been cut by 10 to 20%. It is done by Chrysler's new multi displacement system (mds).

When using a lot of power, such as during acceleration, the hemi fires on all eight cylinders as usual. But around town or when cruising -even at motor way speeds or under gentle acceleration-the engine switches to frugal four cylinder mode.

Multi displacement system (mds) is activated at part throttle between 1000 rpm and 3000 rpm, when a hydraulically actuated catch in the special valve lifters trips to prevent the valves from opening. Hot gases are trapped in four of the eight cylinders, compressing and expanding like giant air springs as the engine turns over and keeping the cylinder warm. But as long as the valves remain closed, only four cylinders consume fuel instead of eight.

Engine efficiency is also improved because the four dormant cylinders are no longer working hard at sucking air into the engine, something that consumes a substantial amount of power. Although the average fuel saving is 10% ,under certain conditions it is a huge 20%.The transition from eight cylinders to four cylinders happens in just 40 mille seconds under the control of sophisticated engine management software which controls not just the multidisplacement system but also a drive-by-wire throttle.

CONSIDERING HONDA

IN Japan the 3.0 liter I-VTEC (intelligent VTEC) V6 of the Honda inspire can also deactivate tree of its first cylinders refinement being guaranteed by active hydraulic engine mounts to cancel out any vibration and active noise control with in the cabin to neutralize any unwanted booming. Honda's CIVIC IMA hybrid also make use of V TEC to deactivate three cylinders on the over run-again to reduce the pumping losses and cut fuel consumption

CONSIDERING GENERAL MOTORS

The actual idea of cylinder deactivation is not new. General Motors tried it in 1981 with the V-8-6-4 engine but through lack of sophisticated electronics drivability was awful. Now GM is returning to the idea again and is to soon launch Displacement on Demand (DOD} on itsVortecV 8's improving consumption by between 6 and 8%.

Three Laws of Robotics

Over the course of human history the emergence of certain new technologies have globally transformed life as we know it. Disruptive technologies like fire, the printing press, oil, and television have dramatically changed both the planet we live on and mankind itself, most often in extraordinary and unpredictable ways. In pre-history these disruptions took place over hundreds of years. With the time compression induced by our rapidly advancing technology, they can now take place in less than a generation. We are currently at the edge of one such event. In ten years robotic systems will fly our planes, grow our food, explore space, discover life saving drugs, fight our wars, sweep our homes and deliver our babies. In the process, this robotics driven disruptive event will create a new 200 billion dollar global industry and change life as you now know it, forever. Just as my children cannot imagine a world without electricity, your children will never know a world without robots. Come take a bold look at the future and the opportunities for Mechanical Engineers that wait there.
The Three Laws of Robotics are:
1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law

Mechanical Seminar Topics

Mechanical Seminar Topics

Latest Mechanical Engineering Seminar Topics for Final Year Presentations

Find the list of the latest mechanical seminar topics here. We have added PPT and PDF reports in as much mechanical seminar topics as possible. Please refer our topics, ppts and pdf reports, we hope it will contribute something to your final year mechanical seminar presentations. Please make good use of all the topics mentioned here, though that doesn’t mean using them as itself in your reports. Make as much additions from your side as possible. Please see that the intention of sharing these mechanical topics here is just to help you get additional information, not to trick your professors, though I would love doing that .

Some personal tips for your Mechanical Engineering Presentations:

1.     Drink a glass of water before starting your presentation. For a first timer it is very likely to have a stage fear and dryness of mouth. A glass of water can help this.

2.     Be confident, appear confident.

3.     Answer all the questions even if you are not sure of the answers. It is your presentation and no one among the audience including your professors know more about the subject than you. Your word is final.

4.     Don’t read from the slides. Yes there is every chance you will get nervous and forget what you learned. Take your time, look at the slide, read it in mind and explain that to the audience.

5.     Take your time, do not rush.

6.     Leave gap in your presentations for questions and learn their answers. It is better to face a question you want to be asked than surprises.

Have a Good Presentation.

Mechanical Seminar Topics List

• Low Cost Wind Power Plant
• Vertical Dam Gate and Hoist Mechanism
• Seminar Topic on Four wheel steering system
• Catalytic converter for cars
• Hybrid vehicles
• Air Cars
• Electronic fuel injection (EFI)
• Hydrogen (water) Powered vehicle
• Remote controlled material handling equipment (RCMHE)
• Remote controlled material handling robotic crane for Bomb squads
• Fire Fighting Robot
• Over speed indicator and Accident Avoidance systems in a four wheeler
• Wall Climbing Robot (WCR)
• Adaptive Cruise Control System
• Magnetic Levitation Train

5 Basic Operations of Lathe Machine

(i) Facing: This operation is almost essential for all works. In this operation, as shown in fig., the work piece is held in the chuck and the facing tool is fed from the center of the work piece towards the outer surface or from the outer surface to the center, with the help of a cross-slide.
(ii) Plane Turning: It is an operation of removing excess amount of material from the surface the surface of the cylinder work piece. In this operation, shown in fig., the work is held either in the chuck or between centers & the longitudinal feed is given to the tool either by hand or power.
(iii) Step Turning: It is an operation of producing various steps of different diameters of in the work piece as shown in fig. This operation is carried out in the similar way as plain turning.
(iv) Drilling : It is an operation of making a hole in a work piece with the help of a drill. In this case as shown in fig., the work piece, by rotating the tail stock hand wheel. The drill is fed normally, into the rotating work piece, by rotating the tail stock hand wheel.
(v) Reaming : It is an operation of finishing the previously drilled hole. In the operation as shown in fig., a reamer is held in the tailstock and it is fed into the hole in the similar way as for drilling.

New Generation of Electricity

The invention of a new generation of electricity from the
water inside the water faucet in an easy way and take
advantage of the resulting energy to light electric lamps.

Five Principal Components in Cooling System.

Vehicle has five principal components in its cooling system.
i.) Radiator: — an auto radiator has a set of tubes called the "core" that the coolant flows through. Cooling fins surround the core. As air passes through the fins, the coolant releases its heat to the fins, which dissipate the heat.
ii.) Radiator cap :— there has to be a place to pour in coolant and the radiator cap covers that filling hole. The cap is also designed to seal the system to a specific pressure.
iii.) Radiator hoses: — the coolant goes from the radiator to the engine through a series of hoses that are sturdy and flexible enough to handle engine vibration and high heat.
iv.) Thermostat :— like the device on your home heating/ cooling system, the engine thermostat keeps the engine at the proper operating temperature.
v.) Water pump: — this is the heart of the engine cooling system. It pumps coolant through the whole cooling system, and into the engine block.

VENTURIMETER

VENTURIMETER:
A venturimeter is essentially a short pipe consisting of two conical parts with a short portion of uniform cross-section in between. This short portion has the minimum area and is known as the throat. The two conical portions have the same base diameter, but one is having a shorter length with a larger cone angle while the other is having a larger length with a smaller cone angle.

A KNUCKLE JOINT

A KNUCKLE JOINT-
Knuckle joint is used to connect the two rods which are under the tensile load, when there is requirement of small amount of flexibility or angular moment is necessary. There is always axial or linear line of action of load. The knuckle joint assembly consist of following major components :
1.Single eye.
2.Double eye or fork.
3.Knuckle pin.
At one end of the rod the single eye is formed and double eye is formed at the other end of the rod. Both, single and double eye are connected by a pin inserted through eye.The pin has a head at one end and at other end there is a taper pin or split pin. For gripping purpose the ends of the rod are of octagonal forms.Now, when the two eyes are pulled apart, the pin holds them together .The solid rod portion of the joint in this case is much stronger than the portion through which the pin passes.
Application of knuckle joint in tractor.
The modes of failure are :
1.Shear failure of pin (single shear).
2.Crushing of pin against rod.
3.Tensile failure of flat end bar.
Application :
1.Tie rod joint of roof truss.
2.Tension link in bridge structure.
3.Link of roller chain.
4.Tie rod joint of jib crane.
5.The knuckle joint is also used in tractor.

Strengthened concrete

BMW K1200S

Technical specification of BMW K1200S
Displacement: 1157.00 ccm (70.60 cubic inches)
Engine type: In-line four
Stroke: 4
Power: 167.00 HP (121.9 kW)) @ 10250 RPM
Torque: 130.00 Nm (13.3 kgf-m or 95.9 ft.lbs) @ 8250 RPM
Bore x stroke: 79.0 x 59.0 mm (3.1 x 2.3 inches)
Fuel system: Injection. Electronic fuel injection
Fuel control: DOHC
Cooling system: Liquid
Gearbox: 6-speed
Transmission typefinal drive: Shaft drive (cardan)
Clutch: Hydraulic, wet, multi-disc
Chassis and dimensions
Front suspension: Duolever
Rear suspension: EVO Paralever
Front tyre dimensions: 120/70-ZR17
Rear tyre dimensions: 190/50-ZR17
Front brakes:Dual disc
Front brakes diameter: 320 mm (12.6 inches)
Rear brakes: Single disc
Rear brakes diameter: 265 mm (10.4 inches)
Speed and acceleration
Power/weight ratio: 0.7357 HP/kg
Other specifications
Fuel capacity: 19.00 litres (5.02 gallons)

An Otto cycle

An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle which
describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition
reciprocating piston engine, the thermodynamic cycle most
commonly found in automobile engines.
The processes are described by
Process 1-2 is an isentropic compression of the air as the
piston moves from bottom dead centre (BDC) to top dead
centre (TDC).
Process 2-3 is a constant-volume heat transfer to the air
from an external source while the piston is at top dead
centre. This process is intended to represent the ignition of
the fuel-air mixture and the subsequent rapid burning.
Process 3-4 is an isentropic expansion (power stroke).
Process 4-1 completes the cycle by a constant-volume
process in which heat is rejected from the air while the
piston is a bottom dead centre.y

Pump Assembly

Pump Assembly ##
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A fuel pump is a frequently (but not always) essential
component on a car or other internal combustion engined
device. Many engines (older motorcycle engines in
particular) do not require any fuel pump at all, requiring only
gravity to feed fuel from the fuel tank through a line or hose
to the engine. But in non-gravity feed designs, fuel has to be
pumped from the fuel tank to the engine and delivered under
low pressure to the carburetor or under high pressure to the
fuel injection system.

Herringbone gears

What are Herringbone gears and what for these are used ?
In normal helical gears there is no problem of impact
stresses but there are axial thrusts on the bearings of shafts
on which they are mounted.these gears are good for
moderate power transmission because bearing can be
designed.But in very high power transmission design of
bearing for a small and compact system becomes very tough
and unemployable.Thus herringbone gears were designed to
eliminate these axial thrusts.This gear contains both right
hand helical profile and left hand helical profile on same gear
as you can see in diagram.The axial components of
transmission force is cancelled by each other on same
gear.Thus eliminating the problem of thrust force.
These gears are used in racing cars where high power
transmission is required and bearing size can not be
increased after certain limit.

Volkswagen Aqua

Volkswagen Aqua:
Chinese designer creates eco-friendly all-terrain car for land,
water and ice.
Created by Chinese designer Yuhan Zhang, the Volkswagen
Aqua would be powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and would
emit zero carbon dioxide.The all-terrain vehicle, which has a
top speed of 62mph and works like a hovercraft, can move
seamlessly between different surfaces.

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF A CLUTCH

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF A CLUTCH
..........................................................
The clutch assembly is located between the engine and the
transmission/transaxle. The purpose and function of a clutch
include the following:
1-To disconnect the engine from the transmission/transaxle
to permit the engine to remain running when the vehicle is
stopped and to permit the transmission/transaxle to be
shifted
Connect and transmit engine torque to the transmission/
transaxle
2-To dampen and absorb engine impulses and drivetrain
vibration
3-To provide a smooth engagement and disengagement
between the engine and the transmission/transaxle.

POWER STEERING

POWER STEERING:
Power steering assists the driver of an automobile in
steering by directing a portion of the vehicle’s power to
traverse the axis of one or more of the road wheels. As
vehicles have become heavier and switched to front wheel
drive, particularly using negative offset geometry, along with
increases in tire width and diameter, the effort needed to
turn the steering wheel manually has increased often to the
point where major physical exertion is required. To alleviate
this, auto makers have developed power steering systems:
or more correctly power-assisted steering on road going
vehicles there has to be a mechanical linkage as a fail safe.
There are two types of power steering systems hydraulic
and electric/electronic.

Newcomen Atmospheric Engine

Newcomen Atmospheric Engine ##
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The atmospheric engine invented by Thomas Newcomen in
1712, often referred to simply as a Newcomen engine, was
the first practical device to harness the power of steam to
produce mechanical work.Newcomen engines were used
throughout Britain and Europe, principally to pump water out
of mines, starting in the early 18th century. James Watt's
later Watt steam engine was an improved version of the
Newcomen engine. As a result, Watt is today better known
than Newcomen in relation to the origin of the steam engine.

SCUDERI ENGINE

SCUDERI ENGINE:
The basic concept of the Scuderi Engine is to divide the four
strokes of a standard engine over a paired combination of
one compression cylinder and one power (or expansion)
cylinder.
CONCEPT OF DESIGN:
Gas is compressed in the compression cylinder and
transferred to the power cylinder through a gas passage.
The Scuderi Split-Cycle Engine changes the heart of the
conventional engine by dividing (or splitting) the four strokes
of the Otto cycle over a paired combination of one
compression cylinder and one power cylinder.
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY:
Fuel efficiency improvements of 15% - 30% initially with
further improvements possible.
Potential reduction of NOx emissions of 50% - 80%.
Lower average operating engine speed reduces engine wear
and tear.
Design Flexibility-more controllable parameters available for
achieving enhanced or customized performance.

Magneto ignition system

Magneto ignition system
An ignition magneto is a magneto that provides current for
the ignition system of a spark-ignition engine, such as a
petrol engine. It produces pulses of high voltage for the spark
plugs.The use of ignition magnetos is now confined mainly
to engines where there is no other available electrical supply,
for example in lawnmowers and chainsaws. It is also widely
used in aviation piston engines even though an electrical
supply is usually available. This is because a magneto
ignition system is more reliable than a battery-coil system.
People discussing magnetos and coils used in early internal-
combustion engines generally used the term "tension"
instead of the more modern term "voltage."

Wankel engine

Wankel engine:-
The Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine
using an eccentric rotary design to convert pressure into a
rotating motion instead of using reciprocating pistons. Its
four-stroke cycle takes place in a space between the
inside of an oval-like epitrochoid-shaped housing and a
rotor that is similar in shape to a Reuleaux triangle but
with sides that are somewhat flatter. The very compact
Wankel engine delivers smooth high-rpm power. It is
commonly called a rotary engine, though this name applies
also to other completely different designs.
Due to their compact design, Wankel rotary engines have
been installed in a variety of vehicles and devices including
automobiles, motorcycles, racers, aircraft, go-karts, jet
skis, snowmobiles, chain saws, and auxiliary power units.