Showing posts with label Engineering. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Engineering. Show all posts

Saturday 29 August 2015

What should a Mechanical Engineer must know!

Well being a mechanical engineer student i personally think that basic concept is the most important thing every Mechanical Engineer should know and to remember those concept you must wrote them down on a paper and stick it on your wall so you can keep checking and remembering those basic concepts allow me to elaborate in case of thermodynamic ( you must know about zero,first,second law of thermodynamic and different formulas of enthalpy, understand of tables,of pressure ,temperature and curves etc) keep their short notes and use you gain knowledge on every holiday to solve real world problems must know ideal process cycles and its types and try to grap concepts of experiment and stick its notes close to your eyes
Fluid mechanics
For this you must know how to select a pump for certain requirement like you must know what is the head of pump pressure of pump and flow rate also you must know how to estimate pipe pressure and friction depending on is length ,diameter, and angle on which it is and most importantly pressure drop on different kinds of bends(must know about type of angle use in pipe and type of bends) how to find
center of (inertia,resultant force,resultant pressure) of shape on which fluid is carried this thing help in building (dams ,reservoirs for different fluids) and plus you should also know about CG (center of
gravitation) this help in building ships and floating stuff ,you must know about effect on pressure if you go down sea level inside fluid or go on high hills must know about how to use instrument and basic ideal gas laws and few application try to practice these concept every holiday
Mechanics of Material(MOM)
For MOM try to practice to remember bending moment, shear stress,torsional stresses, normal stresses,bending moment both (horizontally,vertically) moment of inertia of different shapes and objects must keep a chart on your wall to know difference of ductile and brittle cure mechanical properties (young modulus,yield strength of basic mostly use materials like aluminum,steel,brass,copper,iron etc) ,mohr circle etc and create a structure like cycle or other thing
using this concept or try to help those student who are making structure in there final year project
Design OF Machine Element(DOM)
keep remember basic things like different between rivet,screw,bolt,stud, and most most most important where to use them in come places you only use rivet you must know reason keep there  notes on your wall ,must type of keys and what material should we use same or different and flange design and other these thing try to solve there real problem by asking real engineer if you can or create your on and build product and test it or help final year student to build project
TOM (THEORY OF MACHINES)
Must know how to analysis mechanism, how to create mechanics mostly mechanism are made of 4 bar mechanism know ho to calculate velocity of component fore and all other stuff some mechanism are basic like train,umbrella,car roof mechanism and some are use in games like (wipe out try to look at these mechanism and think how it would have been made and create on paper find its velocity force ) and also you must keep notes of pulley and belts driver and follower,must know how to find best for your desired pulley ,types and uses and tables and about gears also type of gears uses how to
change direction method to find gear teeth

Heat and mass transfer (HMT)
Must know difference between conduction,convention,radiation and there formulas, and enthalpy,coefficient of convection,conduction etc which fluid ha what property and what is its use heat storage capacity and rate of heat transfer both in pip and solid wall must know how to design and
how to play with flow rate of pre -design pipe ,heat exchange and special cases of boiler,condenser effectiveness and efficiency trick to solve and other things like that keep remember must know which pump to use which design heat exchanger and effect of corrosion,environment speed etc keep their notes close to your eyes
IC Engine
Different types of engine parts of engine components which component has what effect what happen if leaking of on thing happen and real life cases of it how many parts to crankshaft mover what other components are connected with cam shaft and how camshaft control water pump,oil pump,radiator fan,vacuum section, carburetor parts, different condition of throttle and mixing ration change while,staring,cursing, cooing system different types and effect of environment case of different situations lubrication how and thrown which places oil move to lubricate and problem of flow of lubricate and its real life case try to communicate with your teacher math stuff must know all math formula and there use try to bring those formulas to real life pick one formula and work on it every holiday with real life situation

'A GOOD TEACHER IS A GIFT WHO CAN TELL YOU REAL LIFE PROBLEMS AND SITUATION'
Keep you interaction with your teacher who taught you and keep asking different question any doubt
and try to find those teachers who have experience in that field whose wisely because in your life only few courses you will be using it depend on you job type so focus on your dream work you want to do and for what you picked MECHANICAL ENGINEERING people die and new people come don't worry about job only do what you like its your life you life once.

Friday 28 August 2015

Important Questions asked in Mechanical Engineering Interview!

I'm sharing this question list to fellow mechanical engineers that I made to prepare for an interview. It
contains two sections viz. technical questions followed by HR questions.
1. Technical questions:
Type of technical questions asked will be definition type and that too from basic. Your favorite subjects will be asked first and then they start questioning what they want you to answer. Some of the
questions are...

1. Why we do not use same technology to start both SI/CI engine?
2. Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
3. 4 Stroke engine is more efficient primarily Because of the presence of valves which precisely control the flow of charge into the chamber and exit the exhaust gases with proper timing which is hard to achieve by ports in a 2 stroke engine.
4. Why there is no differential in a train. What happens when a train takes a turn?
5. A cantilever beam is loaded a point on its ends what will be the effect in shear force?
6. Why vehicle does not move when its gear is applied though parked in slope area?
7. What is shear force in fluid particle?
8. How gear ratio helps in power variation?
9. What is the angle of twist in drill?
10. What is the difference between impact force and sudden force?
11. How to calculate the turbine efficiency?
12. Why centrifugal pump casing is called involutes casing?
13. What will happen if reciprocating compressor run in exactly opposite direction?
14. What is the effect of clearance volume in performance of air- compressor?
15. What is the advantages and disadvantages of critical speed of turbine?
16. What will happen if oil is mixed with boiler feed water?
17. What is difference between fan and blowers?
18. What are the protections required to protect turbine?
19. what is critical temperature?
20. Air is a bad conductor of heat. Why it becomes hot in summer?
21. How many stages in compressor in there in gas turbine?
22. Which is more efficient? A rear engine Volvo Bus or a Front engine Volvo Bus? (Engine Capacity is same for both) why?
23. What is difference between stress and pressure?
24. What is Boiler HP?
25. What is Auto Dosing?
26. What happens when too much oil is injected in the working cylinder?
27. How many manholes should be there on boiler? Why?
28. What is used to check the amount & quality of fuel in two stroke IC engine?
29. Work done in throttling process is given by which formula?
30. Function of the strainer in IC engine?
31. What is the difference between the air pre-heater & air blower?
32. Why the compression ratio of the diesel engine should be high?
33. A vertical plate and a horizontal plate are suspended in an open room. Both are heated to the
same temperature. Which one will cool first? Why?
34. What is the color of flame if the boiler is running?
35. Which is the best lubricant-air, oil or water?
36. Tell the octane number in Indian petrol?
37. Difference between enthalpy & entropy?
38. What is the difference between safety valve and relief valve?
39. Explain cooling and its types?
40. What is the working principal of air compressor?
41. What is cryogenics and what are its fundamentals?
42. What is the difference between a shaper machine and a planner machine?
43. Why stress relieving of stainless steel is not roffered?
44. What are the advantages of PID controllers compared with those of a PLC?
45. Which two continents are mirror images of each other?
46. Where half nut is used?
47. What is the need for drafting?
48. Turbo charger driven by.............? and what its speed
49. Why...? Turbo charger used in DG....?
50. The stage below saturation is called?
51. Why is a condenser used in a Rankin cycle?
52. What is servo motor?
53. Can we use light duty vehicle axle into the heavy duty machinery axle? If no then why?
54. Stress strain diagram for fluid?
55. Where manning formula used?
56. What is level of documentations for a ISO 9001 certified company?
57. What is back plate in centrifugal pumps and its purpose?
58. Why tyres are manufactured in black colour?
59. Whether ductile material can fail in brittle manner? When?
60. On what property u can distinguish material as brittle or ductile?
61. Name fuels used in nuclear power plant?
62. On what thermodynamic cycle nuclear power plant works?
63. How can you increase the efficiency of power plant without changing in effort?
64. What is purpose of governor in Diesel engine?
65. Why petrol engines have more power than diesel engines of same capacity?
66. What is the difference between Torque and Power ( layman Idea)?
67. What will be the induced stress in the bar?
68. What is the Difference between Rated Speed and Economic Speed?
69. How to convert from HP to BHP or CC to Bhp please explain????????
70. How the material no. 2062 will mild steel of density 7.85? What are the other codes?
71. Why petrol engine gives more power than diesel engine even though diesel engine has high
compression ratio?
72. What is mean by Resistance welding?
73. Compare Brayton and Otto cycle.
74. Why we have to know the specific frequency of any equipment? does anybody know about specific frequency ?
75. What is pulverization?
76. What is the function of an isolator?
77. Why the back wheel of tractor is bigger than front wheel?
78. Flow will increase or decrease or remain same?
79. Why Mechanical seal used in Pumps?
80. The ratio of Emissive to absorption power of heat by a body is equal to heat emitted by a perfect
black body. Who said the statement
81. What is colour of flame if the of Halide Torch detects a refrigerant leakage?
82. How can we remove paint from (painted over) plastic or nylon objects with out damaging the
object?
83. How to calculate or arrive the capacity of a mechanical press?
84. The property of a metal that is determined by the indentation on a metal surface
85. The amount of thickness of the metal sheet that can be welded by ultrasonic welding is?
86. The amount of carbon present in Cast Iron?
87. Numeric control is used for?
88. The amount of moisture that is to be present in wood to be called dry wood is?
89. The pattern material used in Investment casting Process is?
90. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type of follower?
91. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type of follower?
92. State the difference between Forging & Fabrication?
93. What is flange rating?
94. What amount of heat energy loss in ESP?
95. What happen when diesel is injected in petrol engine?
96. What do you mean by property of system?
97. Why joule-Brayton cycle is not suitable for a reciprocating engine.
98. How does “turbulence” differ from swirl?
99. Is octane number beyond 100 is possible?
100. Explain the effect of fuel structure on knocking.
101. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of LPG as a fuel in S.I. Engine?
102. What is the impact of using throttling device instead of expander in vapour compression cycle?
103. What is moisture choking? Which refrigerants are more prone to it?
104. What is Montreal protocol and why CFCs are being phased out?
105. Why reverse Joule Brayton is used in aircraft refrigeration system?
106. Explain how solar-energy can used in refrigeration system?
107. Is wet bulb temperature a thermodynamic property?
108. What is the utility of comfort chart?
109. How would you decide whether a reciprocating compressor or centrifugal compression is to be
used in a refrigerating system?
110. Why smoking is not allowed in air conditioned enclosure?
111. Why desert coolers become ineffective in raining season?
112. Why package units are being preferred over central air conditioning system?
113. What is MAPI.
114. What is capital budgetary?
115. What is group technology layout?
116. What is leveling & smoothing in production technology?
117. What is deference between method study & work measurement?
118. What you know about drilling?
119. How oil is produced? What is the size of well?
120. Pumps used in drilling procedure and why? Why not centrifugal pump? What if we want high
head and high discharge?
121. Difference between Pipeline and Piping ?
122. Use of CNG, LNG, LPG etc.
Additional questions subject wise:

Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery
What is the difference between impulse & reaction turbine.
Explain unit speed, unit discharge unit power & specific speed.
Explain NPSH, in which parameter it depends on.
What is jet ratio?
What is Deriaz turbine?
Which turbine is good for tidal power plant?
What is Navier-stroke equation.
What are the significance of
Mach number
Weber number
Material Science
What is quazi-crystal?
What do you understand by a free cutting steel?
What elements are usually added to make a steel free cutting, & how they make the steel free cutting?
Explain various method of hardening of steel?
What do you understand by the term “Arrest point” in connecting with heat treatment of plain carbon steel?
What influence does grain size have on the mechanical properties of metals.
Describe the difference between brittle and ductile fracture.
What is the difference between natural & artificial aging?
Thermodynamics
What is availability function for a closed system?
If it is possible that entropy of a system can decrease during a given process?
What is dead state in thermodynamics?
What is exergy?
What happens to triple point line when projected to P-T plane?
What is compressibility factor and what is its value for Vander walls gases.
What are initial conditions for formation of shock waves?
What do you understand by choking in nozzle flows?
Is it possible that pressure and velocity decreases simultaneously/
Distinguish between “Available energy” & Availability?
What is pure substances.
What is critical point? What is the value of critical temperature, pressure & volume of water?
What is sublimation curve, fusion curve & vaporization curve?
What is Rayleigh Line & Fanno Line?
What is normal shocks & when its occurs?
What is High Grade Energy & Low Grade Energy?
Heat & Mass Transfer
What is Newton’s Law of cooling.
What is Recuperator & Regenerators?
Whether fin can actually reduce heat transfer? is it possible? When?
What is difference between Biot no. & Nusselt no?
Which one is greater, thermal boundary layer or hydrodynamic boundary layer?
What is film temperature in forced convection flow?
What is fully developed region and where it is applicable?
What is the critical radius of insulation, explain clearly in terms of thermal resistance and heat
transfer rate?
At what case do you recommend Fin?
What is the difference between free convection & forced convection in what parameter forced &
free convection depend.
Internal Combustion Engine What is the use of Carburetor in SI Engine, There is trend towards increases of injection system in
Automobiles, Explain.
Why Supercharging is not popular with SI Engines?
What is performance number.
Explain Knocking in SI Engine & Mention, the factor that tend to reduce Knocking?
Explain the difference between Knocking in SI Engine & CI Engine?
How does “Turbulence” differ from “Swirl”?
Name some Antiknock additive and explain the Mechanism by which they reduce the knock?
Power Plant engineering
What is slip ratio in thermal power plant?
In Pendant super heater whether parallel flow or counter flow heat exchange between steam and flue gases.
What happens to mass flow in case of supersaturated flow?
Why clearance are provided in reciprocating compressor?
Explain turbojet & Rocket Engine.
What’s the advantage of compounding of steam turbine?
What’s are boiler mounting & accessory.
Draw the sketch of pulse jet engine. What are its main advantage & disadvantage?
Explain working principal of scram jet engine,
what is advantage over the ramjet?
What are the advantage of nuclear power plants over thermal power plants.
What is fast breeder reactor?
What is circulation ratio and what is its range in power plant?
One 2-row Curtis turbine is equivalent to how many reaction turbines for same value of blade velocity and angle of nozzle?
What are thermal neutrons?
What is breeding ratio?
What is the application of jet and rocket technology? Which is used in missiles?
Strength of Materials
What do you mean by equal strength in a beam?
What is difference between pure shear and simple (normal) shear?
Is it possible that decrease in area gives a decrease in stress?
Whether shear stresses are always parallel to shear forces?
By which experiment, you find it toughness of material.
Distinguish between direct stress & bending stress.
What do you mean by Torsional rigidity & lateral rigidity?
Define “slenderness ratio”. How it is used in long and short column?
Machine Design
What are rolling contact bearing?
What are the anti friction bearings?
What is stress concentration factor?
What is the bolt of uniform strength?
What is the difference Static Load carrying
capacity & Dynamic Load carrying capacity?
Why we are not using the unit joule for torque instead of N-m.
What is Low cycle fatigue failure and High cycle fatigue failure? What are considerations of these while designing a machine?
What is mechanical advantage?
How trains take turns though there is no differential gear?
Do you know epicyclical gear box? What is the practical application of epicyclical gear box?
What is tooth profile? Which one is better?
Theory of Machines
What is Keneddy theorem?
Do we need a screw with efficiency less than 50%?
What is backlash?
What is damping ratio?
Define Resonance.
Define critical speed or whirling speed or
whipping speed.
What is machine? Giving example, Differentiate
between a machine & structure.
What is Mechanical advantage.

Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
What is utility of comfort chart?
hat is wet compression?
To maximize COP what should be the condition of vapour at suction to compression?
What is the range of NBP (normal boiling point) in case of most refrigerants?
Why COP of CO2 gas is less and still why it is used in transport refrigeration?
What are the most crucial parts in reciprocating compressors?
How compressors are selected based on type of refrigerant?
What is correlation between wet bulb
temperatures an adiabatic saturation temperature?
Why isothermal compressor is Desirable?
What is desirable property of ideal refrigerant?
Define effective temperature & what is the optimum design condition for comfort for summer A/C?
Production Engineering
Why arc is slowly extinguished in case of arc welding?
Which inert gas is commonly used for thin work piece and which inert gas for thick work piece?
What is friction welding?
What is difference between brazing & braze welding?
Why hole basis system is adopted in manufacturing?
What is 3- 2-1 principle?
Where diamond pin locator is used?
How presses are rated?
What is spring back?
What is difference between fillet and corner radius?
What are overhead costs?
Why depreciation is to be taken into account in industrial management?
Why breakeven point is important in any industry?
What is sine bar?
What is marginal cost and marginal revenue?
What is shear and where it is provided in case of punching and blanking?
What is angle of bite?
What is extrusion ratio?
What is gutter and where it is used?
Which process is used for making nuclear reactor fuel rods?
What is difference between Amorphous and crystalline solids?
What are the various method of inspection of
casting for internal & external defects?
Why are allowances provided for in the
production of patterns? What do they depend on?
What is the deference between soldering & brazing?
What is meant by solid-state welding explain.
What is cold welding?
Describe the principal behind resistance welding processes.
What function should a lubricant perform in manufacturing process?
Explain the difference between punching & blanking.
Explain the difference between discontinuous chips and segment chips.
Explain the different type of tool wear.
What is difference between oblique & orthogonal cutting.
What are the main difference between jig and fixture?
What is AOQ
What is LTPD
What is Producer risk
What is Consumer’s risk
What is JIT approaches?
What is group technology? What are its main advantages?
Define the term “production & productivity.
What is the significance of ISO 9000 series & 1400 series.
What is artificial intelligence?
Which welding process does not required any filler material?
What is tack weld?
Which process used for cutting thicker plates?
Where drooping characteristics of power source is required in arc welding?
2. HR questions:
1. Tell me about yourself?
2. What is your hometown famous for?
3. Tell about your achievements in life.
4. Your strengths and weakness
5. Are you a team player?
6. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
7. How would you know you will be successful on this job?
8. Describe your management style.
9. Global warming
10. Chief justice of India
11. Vice President of India
12. CEO of Apple, when did he die?
13. Gas scenario
14. RBI policy
15. Corporate Governance
16. Corporate Laws
17. Cast system is boon or bane ?
18. What’s the difference in the modus operandi of Amir Khan’s “Satyameva jayate” and Anna Hazares movement?
19. What will u do on your part to remove corruption? If you travel in a train without confirmed ticket will u bribe the TT for a seat?
20. What do u mean by optimistic. Is it always good to be optimistic or it helps sometimes to be pessimist?
21. What is difference between confidence and over confidence?
22. What is the difference between hard work and smart work?
23. What are your goals?
24. What motivates you to do a good job?
25. What makes you angry?
26. Give an example of your creativity
27. Describe ideal company, job, and location?
28. What are your hobbies?
29. Inspiration in your life and why?
30. What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?
31. Define success? and how do you measure up to your definition
32. About present job (if employed)
33. Why did you resign from your previous job?
34. Why have you been unemployed so long?
35. What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced?
36. What would you say to your boss if he is crazy about an idea, but you think it stinks?
37. Why should I hire you?
38. Explain how you would be an asset to this organisation.
39. If we give you a job will you leave IIT B or your organisation?
40. What changes would you make if you came on board?

Tuesday 18 August 2015

Carrier as Mechanical Engineer

Introduction
Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest branches of engineering. It is also referred to as the ‘mother’ branch of engineering. Another appealing feature of mechanical engineering is that the application base of this field of study is extremely broad and diverse. Almost all inventions during the ancient period and a vast majority in the modern era are direct contributions of one or the other application of mechanics.
Traditionally, mechanical engineers have to deal with concepts such as mechanics, thermodynamics, robotics, kinematics, structural analysis, fluid mechanics and many others. These concepts are applied in the process of designing state-of-the-art manufacturing units, different types of motor vehicles, aircraft and aerospace parts and a vast assortment of industrial machinery. Mechanical engineers also contribute in the development of various engines, power plant equipment, heating and cooling systems and other simple and complex machinery.
Mechanical engineers not only design new mechanical systems but they are also responsible for testing, maintaining and manufacturing them. The aforementioned are the conventional roles and responsibilities of mechanical engineers. However, times have changed. Nowadays the scope of mechanical engineering is expanding beyond its traditional boundaries.
Mechanical engineers are focussing their attention towards new areas of research such as nanotechnology, development of composite materials, biomedical applications, environmental conservation, etc. The ever increasing scope of this particular job profile now requires professionals to get into financial and marketing aspects of product development and even into people and resource management. All in all mechanical engineering offers a wide bouquet of job options to students who are looking for a stable and stimulating career.
Step-by-Step
Passing 10+2 with PCM (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) is the first step you take towards becoming a professional mechanical engineer. To be eligible for a graduate programme (BE/BTech) in a college, you should have scored at least 50% marks and 60% for being eligible for IITs (Indian Institute of Technology) in 10+2 with PCM as subjects.
After this, you can sit for various entrance examinations such as:
  • • The Joint Entrance Examination for IITs (IIT JEE) for admission to various IITs, NITs, IIITs, and other regional government and private colleges.
  • Another option is state level entrance tests conducted by the state level authorities like WBJEE, JKCET, UPCET, JCET, APCET so  on.
  • Another option is private colleges entrance exam like BITSAT, VITEE, LPUSET, MCET, so on.
Apart from these, there are hundreds of engineering colleges across the length and breadth of the country  where you can get into a graduate programme in mechanical engineering.
You can also opt for a diploma in engineering from a polytechnic. For obtaining a diploma, the basic eligibility is completion of Class 10 with 50% marks. The duration of these diploma courses is three-years for regular and four- years for part-time study.
You can also go for an associate membership qualification from the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, which is considered at par with the diploma earned from a state run polytechnic or a university degree. Another option is to earn a similar qualification offered by the Institution of Engineering (India). Diploma holders can also get direct entry into the second year of a graduate program (lateral entry).
After successful completion of the graduate program, you can go for the two-year masters program in mechanical engineering or ME/MTech. If you are interested in pursuing a post-graduate programme in mechanical engineering from any of the IITs, then you must appear for the Graduate Aptitude Test for Engineers (GATE).
These days many engineering colleges are offering a dual (BE/BTech and ME/MTech) programmes. Some other institutions are offering a combination of an engineering degree along with a management programme. In case you are interested in further studies, you can go do a PhD or even opt for a management degree from a reputed business school.
Start Early
To make mechanical engineering your chosen career path, you must have affinity for the way different machines function. This trait can be observed from early childhood when children try to tinker around with different machinery in their immediate vicinity. Such kids often tend to take apart mechanical toys, clocks, bicycles and then they try to assemble them back again.
These children are so innovative that they may even try to make new things. Here, parents have a  special role to play. They must understand that the child possesses an inquisitive mind that is interested in gaining knowledge about machinery and not in breaking or destroying things. Parents must encourage the child’s curiosity to know more about different gadgets and machines in and  round the house.
During schooling, the quest to play around with machinery increases all the more. This curiosity often culminates with the child opting for science with the PCM subject combination.
Is it the Right Career for Me?
Like other career paths, the entry into this particular branch of engineering also requires you to possess certain basic traits. First and foremost, you must have a penchant for mechanical components and machinery and how these machines work. Then you must be good at physics, chemistry and mathematics. You must also have skills such as an analytical bent of mind, logical reasoning and problem solving.
Further, you must have immense patience, physical strength, ability to work for long hours and an inventive spirit that are essential ingredients for becoming a successful mechanical engineer.
What would it Cost Me?
A graduate programme from a private engineering institution will cost you anywhere between Rs.50,000 to Rs.2,00,000 annually. However, in a reputed government run establishment such as the Indian institute of Technology (IIT) or any regional engineering college, you will have to pay an annual fees in the range of anywhere between Rs 30,000 to Rs 40,000.
Funding/Scholarship
Educational institutes offering programmes in mechanical engineering generally extend scholarships to students from socially and economically backward classes. For example, IITs waive off the complete tuition fees for students belonging to the socially backward communities. Scholarships, freeships, stipends and financial assistance are also provided to students on the basis of merit and other qualifying criteria.
Job Prospect
Since mechanical engineering is the broadest of all engineering fields, the job prospects on offer for skilled mechanical engineers are aplenty and unending. Mechanical engineers are required to design, test, manufacture, install, operate and maintain a wide array of machines and mechanical systems that are used in countless industries. These professionals can find employment both in the government and private sector undertakings.
Major industries that employ mechanical engineers include automobiles, space research, aeronautical, energy and utilities, air conditioning, bio-mechanical industry. Other major employers include giant manufacturing plants, air conditioning and refrigeration industry, turbine manufacturing plants, oil and gas exploration and refining industries and the agricultural sector.
In the government sector, mechanical engineers can provide their knowledge to various government run projects in the role of technical experts and consultants. They can also work in private engineering companies that provide technical consultancy to both government and corporate firms. These engineers can also hold high managerial positions in government as well as private sector organisations according to their field of expertise and educational qualifications.
Pay Packet
Mechanical engineering offers a wide variety of career opportunities to job aspirants. The average monthly salary of mechanical engineers who are new to this profession is approximately in the range between Rs.10,000 and Rs.25,000. Good campus placements can fetch even better packages for deserving students. Mechanical engineers who hold a post-graduate degree from a reputed academic institute tend to get better offers than diploma and degree holders.
From here on the annual pay packet depends on a number of factors such as the skill set possessed, experience, expertise, the employer, nature of roles and responsibilities, etc. Highly skilled mechanical engineers can easily command pay packets as high as Rs 40-45 lacs per annum.
Demand and Supply
There is great deman d for skilled mechanical engineers in different segments of the industry. Their expertise is required in traditional manufacturing industries such as automobiles, aviation, shipping, aerospace, power plants and machinery manufacturing. In recent times, the services of expert mechanical engineers have even been  sought in fields such as nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, energy conservation and environmental engineering.
There is also great requirement for mechanical engineer consultants who have management skills along with  technical proficiency. The primary role of such professionals is to manage both technology and people and firms that provide engineering consultancy require them. Various engineering colleges and polytechnics across the country are doing their best to meet the burgeoning demand of skilled mechanical engineering professionals.
Market Watch
The job market for mechanical engineers is perennial. Even the vagaries of the global economic crisis could not knock out the demand for these professionals in the Indian job market. Although some branches of mechanical engineering went out of focus during the meltdown period, the overall situation was much better as compared with other careers. On the brighter side, things are getting  ack
to normal and this evergreen career path is again gaining coin amongst career aspirants as it did during the pre- meltdown years.
In fact, this is a period of resurgence for mechanical engineers. They not only have countless options in the industrial sector but they can also make foray into new realms of technology and even get into management and technical consultancy.
According to a survey, mechanical engineering is amongst the most sought after branches of engineering preferred by students seeking admission to various technical institutes across India in the recent years.
International Focus
Highly qualified professionals from this field, such as post- graduates from various IITs, often seek suitable employment in foreign countries. It is not that only highly qualified mechanical engineers get opportunity to work abroad. If you are employed in a multinational company, you may also get the chance to work on offshore projects
Positives/Negatives
+ives
• There are umpteen job openings and you will not remain unemployed
• Constant involvement in the development of new components, gadgets and machines
• Innovative contribution to the new frontiers of science such as nanotechnology, biomedical engineering and environmental sciences
• Not hit by recession or global economic meltdown
-ives
• Working conditions can be adverse at times
• Deadlines and work pressure can exact a heavy toll on the body and mind
• Physically strenuous and not for the weak 
Different Roles, Different Names Mechanical engineering is considered the ‘mother’ of all branches of engineering. In this context the roles and responsibilities held by a mechanical engineer are different and depend on their area of specialisation and the industry they are working for. In broad terms, the job profile of mechanical engineers can be classified into the following functional segments:
• Research and Development (R&D): Engineers whose role is to do research and then plan for new machines and their constituent parts.
• Design: Professionals whose responsibility is to draft technical drawings, manually or with the aid of computers.
• Production: Engineers who supervise the manufacturing of mechanical components and machines.
• Analysis and testing: Engineers who analyse and test different types of machines and their parts to ensure that they function flawlessly.
• Installation: Professionals who install machines and mechanical parts at the client location.
• Maintenance: Engineers whose primary role is to ensure that machinery is working as per specifications.
Top Companies
1. Automobile and auto part manufacturers
2. Aerospace industry
3. Various Government sector undertakings
4. Aviation companies
5. Steel plants
6. Thermal plants and gas turbine manufacturers
7. Air conditioning and refrigeration industry
8. Shipping industry
9. Engineering consultancies
10. Armed forces
Tips for Getting Hired
1. It is advisable to earn a post-graduate degree in this field
2. Computer proficiency is a must these days
3. You must have excellent communication and interpersonal skills
4. A management degree further brightens your career prospects

26 Innovative Ideas By School Students That Will Blow Your Mind Away!

A young mind is the sharpest mind. It learns quick and acts quicker. The education system today focuses on books and rote-learning, but times are changing as these young geniuses, who chose to take a different path, have proved. They have  picked machines over books and ideas over words.
The IGNITE competition held by National Innovation Foundation – India is a platform that is giving  these young minds a place to experiment and innovate, and come up with something extra ordinary. Having started with receiving less than 1,000 entries five years ago, the competition now receives over 20,000 entries from 301 districts in India.

These 26 interesting and impressive innovations by students of various schools across India are worth knowing and applauding-
1. A torch with an additional bulb
Md. Alisher, class 12, KSS College, Lakhisarai, Bihar


The idea is to have another bulb below the main bulb of the torch so that light is available near the feet of user and also for people following the user. Once Alisher was returning home with his grandmother at night. As he was using his torch to show his grandmother the way, he could not see a pit himself and fell into it. Idolising Abraham Lincoln, he likes writing stories and wishes to join CBI to rid the country of corruption.
2. Wheel chair convertible to crutches
S Ramakishore, Sanjay Srinivas, Tamil Selvan class 10, Maharishi International School, Chennai, Tamil Nadu


The idea is to have a modified wheelchair that can be folded and converted into a crutch so that it is easy to take on stairs as well use on flat surface. The three friends had gone to celebrate one of their friend’s birthday in an orphanage. They were moved by the plight of lower limb physically  challenged. Sanjay likes reading novels and listening to western music, Ram kishore likes drawing, reading novels, and playing video games. Crazy about computers, he wants to become a computer engineer. Tamil Selvan, who wants to become aeronautical engineer, likes reading non-fiction, watching animation movies and day dreaming, as he mentions.
3. Pen to check concentration Rudra Prasad Goswami, class 11, DAV Kapildev Public School, Ranchi, Jharkhand

A pen with pressure sensors on the grip to indicate loss of concentration when the grip loosens. Once Rudra was summarizing notes of a Physics chapter, however, somehow he could not concentrate and his attention kept diverting from one topic to another. It is then that he thought about such a pen. Rudra likes solving Physics numerical and playing chess and cricket. He wants to get into IIT and become an engineer.
4. Bulb/CFL remover/connector
Gautham Praveen A, class 11, SJSSGJ Matriculation HS School, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
Shweta Sharma, class 11, Police DAV School, Jalandhar, Punjab.

Hand held rod with a clutch at the grip and a clasp at the further end to hold the bulb, making is easy for anyone to change the bulb without needing a chair or a ladder for it. Gautham came up with this idea when his father asked him to help him change a few bulbs at the house.
Gautham has been a good scholar and had secured 98.8% marks in his class 10th last year. He plays keyboard and also composes music, and has won a number of awards at the district/ state level. He often works on different projects showcases them in various science exhibitions, where his scientific temperament gets well recognized. He wants to be a Chartered Accountant and also wants to be remembered as a good musician. Interestingly he says that students should be multi-talented like ‘Swiss Army Knives’, which are multi-utility objects.
Shweta is a young school girl whose mind keeps buzzing with new ideas. She says that she otherwise has loads of patience but when it comes to problem solving, she becomes impatient and starts to think of probable solutions. “If we learn to live with ten problems unsolved, living with next ten problems becomes easier and after that we do not even notice many of the problems,” mentions Shweta. This is the third consecutive time she is getting an IGNITE award and for two of her ideas, the other one being a kite flying idea mentioned later.
5. Multicolor headphone wires
Swetleena Zenith, class 11, Army Public School, Alahabad, Uttar Pradesh.

The cords/wires of the headphone may be of different colors so that untangling them becomes easy. A simple solution to an everyday problem faced by many of us. In free time, Swetleena likes to be with herself, sitting quietly in a corner and contemplating on various things. Since writing acts as a stress buster for her, she sometimes writes long poems. She wants to be a doctor and serve the society. She strongly feels that as one learns from  neself the most in life; his/her inspiration should come from within i.e. one should be self inspired. Her motto: To dream of a person you would like to be is to waste the person you are.

6. Adjustable electricity extension board Tenith
Adithya, class 11, The Hindu Higher Secondary School, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu

Electricity extension board with flexible plug points so that one can put any type of electric plugs wherever space is available. Tenith needed a good number of electricity plug points to run various devices at a time while pursuing various experiments. Using many extension cords/power strips was cumbersome, thus the idea. He is an avid computer buff and has two Guinness World record attempts to his credit viz. most software and games created at youngest age (8 games and 5 software at the age of 12 years) and world’s longest running computer program (Power mind, which can run for 570 years, written at the age of 13 years).
His hobbies are collection of coins, antique, currency notes and rear pets. He has over 5000 coins and 250 currency notes. He also claims to be a bird tamer and enthusiastically participates in science expo, chess tournaments, essay competitions, debates, painting and drawing competitions etc.
He is a serial innovator and has a number of innovations to his credit. He wants to be an inventer and develop solutions that make life easy for the people. He mentions that he works late till night on his projects and many times misses his classes in  the morning as he often gets late. He recalls once during a chemical experiment, he had inhaled dangerous fumes, after which he had to be hospitalized. But even at the hospital bed, he told his parents, ‘Science needs sacrifice’, which frightened his parents so much that they never allowed him to work with chemicals thereafter.

7. Automatic blade swinging ceiling fan for easy cleaning
Atheerth Chandran, class 11, AMHS Thirumala, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala

When switched-off the blades loop downwards so that they can be cleaned and when switched on they become horizontal as in other ceiling fans. Atheerth likes to work on a number of electronic projects and helps his friends with their science projects. He likes to work with electronic components like resistors, transistors, capacitors etc.. He plays cricket and badminton, and wants to become a scientist.
8. Oxygen /carbon dioxide level indicators in car
S R Valava, class 12, AEHSS, DAE Township, Kalapakkam, Tamil Nadu
Pratyush Kumar Sahoo & Bikash Kumar Mallick, class 10, Mother Public School, Khurda, Odisha.

System to detect levels of oxygen/ carbon dioxide in the closed car and open windows when oxygen level drops or carbon dioxide level rises, thereby preventing accidental deaths of children or pets locked inside the car. All the students thought about this idea after reading/ hearing news about accidental deaths in cars due to suffocation. Valava, who plays football, has interest in junk art i.e. making useful items from waste and wants to become an entrepreneur so that he can give job to others. Pratyush plays basketball and computer games. He also reads story books, paints and plays keyboard. He wants to become an IAS officer. Bikash, who also plays basketball, believes that he has the capacity to break a bigger problem into small ones and then solve them. He also aspires to be an IAS officer and feels that, ‘success is not something one is born with, rather it is something one has to
strive for.’

9. New design of serving tray
Alok Singh, class 12, Shah Faiz Public School, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh

Serving tray with a release mechanism to put cup/  glass on the table along with a coaster without touching it. Once while serving tea to a guest, Alok spilled over hot tea over him resulting in some burns to his hands and stains on his cloth and the sofa. After this incident he started thinking how such a problem could be avoided and came up with this idea to make serving easy and ‘stylish’. He plays table, sings songs, knows seven different techniques in swimming, learns martial art and is also into athletics. He likes narrating stories to his younger cousins and penning down poems.

10. Low cost Braille printer
Santokh Singh and Khushwant Rai, class 12, Police DAV School, Jalandhar, Punjab

A dot matrix printer modified at a low cost to work as a Braille printer. Both the friends once visited a blind school for a school project where they saw much of the printing work done in a time consuming manual manner. Challenged by a teacher there they came up with their own Braille printer using a dot matrix printer. Khushwant likes to play cricket and chess. He also enjoys surfing the net and making electronic gadgets like electronic stethoscope, water level indicators, LED displays etc. He wants to become an astronaut and undertake space exploration. Santokh likes learning new things. Mathematics and Physics are his favorite subjects. He also writes poems on various topics and things that inspire him. He also wants to become an aeronautical engineer. About the Braille printer, he recalls a problem with the roller while modifying the printer.. There was not enough friction on the roller to catch the rubber tube so he and his friends used it as football for a while, which made its surface rough and thereafter it started giving desired results.
11. Electronic purse with paired watch
Phamnya Konyak, class 9, Konjong Higher Secondary School, Mon, Nagaland

Password protected purse and an electronically paired watch, which alerts if user gets away from these or someone steals the purse. Phamnya is the first student winner from Nagaland and comes from a rural area. She thought about the idea after hearing many stories of theft and when one of her own friend lost his purse to pickpockets. Idolising Mahatma Gandhi, she likes reading story books and occasionally writes stories. She wants to become a doctor and serve the people.
12. Step-lock system in bus
R Santhosh, class 11, J Rajasekar, class 10, A Nivashini, class 10, K Rathna, class 10, Govt Girls Higher Secondary School, Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu

Mechanism, which would not allow the bus to move if people are standing on its stairs, thereby preventing accidents. A often observed problem in our country unfortunately. Santhosh thought about this idea while commuting from his village to his school. He finds physics quite easy and wants to pursue aeronautical engineering and take up space research. Nivashini likes reading story books and wants to become a doctor. Rajasekar likes outdoor sports, participates in NCC and would like to become an IPS officer while Rathna, who also likes reading books wants to become a teacher.
13. Indicator for ‘dead’ landline phones
Nidhi Gupta, class 10, Kendriya Vidyalaya SAC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Light/ sound alert that informs user when the landline phone becomes ‘dead’. A physics enthusiast, Nidhi came up with this idea once when she missed an important communication due to their ‘dead’ phone. Apart from her great interest in science, she likes painting, dancing and swimming. She is also fond of adventure and likes to play challenging computer games apart from basketball and cricket.. With the support of her family, she wants to become a good engineer.

14. Reminding the owner if keys are forgotten in the  vehicle
Chandramouly K Kandachar, class 12, RV PU College, Bangalore, Karnataka

A system in vehicle, which intimates the driver through a phone call if the keys have been forgotten in the vehicle; also prevents theft. Chandramouly’s sister often forgot the keys in the car itself. He  read about incidents where owner by mistake left the keys in the car, which got stolen subsequently; hence this idea. Chandramouly like to listen to music especially carnatik music and also western genre like metal and rap. All technology enthusiasts, he and his friends, have started a technology  log where they post all the news about latest gadgets and technologies. He has received recognition for his scientific acumen and aspires to become an electronics or computer engineer.
15. Hilly terrain cart
Vidya Ramesh, class 12, Greenwood High International School, Bangalore, Karnataka

Three equidistant wheels on a single axle attached to two similar sets in different planes, allowing flexibility in movement with respect to each other. Noting the difficulty people in mountainous regions face in transporting goods, in Vidya tried to modify the design of traditional hill cart.
16. Mobile phone with inbuilt charger
Siddharthanan K, class 11, & Karan Kumar, class 12, TKV Katapadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu

A wearable device that alerts if user falls suddenly; useful for old people, and those suffering from  its, convulsions, seizures etc. This will help keep an electronic eye (if integrated with mobile) on one’s loved ones to track if they were okay or not. The idea struck Soumya Ranjan when one of his friends getting an epileptic attack and fell down. He wondered, what if she wasn’t around ? He likes to play cricket and wants to become a mechanical engineer.
17. Posture correcting chair
Kulsoom Rizavi, class 5, La Martiniere Girls College, Lucknow
Tarun Anand, class 10, Ch. Chhabil Das Public School, Ghaziabad, UP

A chair with sensors at appropriate places, which alerts the user sitting in a wrong posture. Both conceived this idea independently after being regularly scolded by their mothers for using a bad posture. Little Kulsoom thought that while it may not be possible to be reminded again and again by someone for not sitting properly, this task can be done by the chair itself. She likes gardening, arts and crafts, writing stories and poems. Infact she plans to get her own book published soon and grow up to become an entrepreneur selling hi-tech machines in an automated shop. Tarun wants to have such a chair to escape his mother’s scolding. He has an interest in electronics and likes to know about new and emerging technologies apart from playing cricket in his free time.
18. Puncturing mechanism for water bottles
Shibajyoti Choudhury, 5, Christ Church Boys SSS
Rajashree Choudhary, 6, Christ Church Girls SSS, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

A stay-tab like opening mechanism, similar to the one in juice cans, at the bottom of water bottle to puncture it to make it unusable and prevent refilling/ misuse. This idea came to the brother- sister duo while travelling in a train and seeing some children selling refilled used water bottles. Both of them are nature lovers and have won numerous accolades, nationally and internationally, in poem writing, arts, sports and other activities. They promote green, healthy and sustainable living through their creative expressions in various forms. While Rajashree wishes to be a green campaign crusader, Shibajyoti wants to become a cricketer and bring home the World Cup. He has even predicted the year for that, 2023!

19. Air conditioning system in scooter /motorcycle
Masira bi Hanif Patel, class 8, MI Teli English Medium School, Jalgaon, Maharashtra

A small modified AC connected to engine, which  circulates cool air through tubes woven into a wearable jacket. Once while riding on his father’s motorcycle during summer, Masira noticed her father’s discomfort. Later, she saw a car with an AC, which prompted her to think, why not two  wheelers could have ACs of their own! A nature lover and cleanliness freak, Masira likes gardening a lot. She wants to become a pediatrician so that she can bring back smiles on the faces of ill children.
20. Reduction of AC energy wastage through clamp meter
Aman Venkateshwaran, Mihiraan Singh, Udai Singh,
Varun Shriram, class 12, The Shri Ram School, Moulsari, Gurgaon, Haryana

Clamp meter connected to an AC monitors the  current flow and indicates usage (range) through green, orange and red colour codes. The four friends had learnt about capacitor and its use in many electronic appliances in their physics class. Ageing of these, leads to lesser efficiency of the appliance. To identify when are these devices ageing and thus need replacement, they thought of adding a clamp meter in the circuit. Mihiraan likes playing cricket and basketball and aspires to become an engineer while Aman is a musician (plays guitar) and a mathematician and enjoys good food, movies and cricket. Varun, apart from swimming and playing basketball, has been involved in dance and theater since he was quite young. Udai, on the other hand, loves trekking but now spends much time volunteering at local schools and teaching science to young students. He has developed a ‘Discover Science’ book and kit for the same, and has documented all his experiences online on his blog.
21. Modified hand-cart with steering and brakes
Md. Usman Hanif Patel, class 3, MI Teli English Medium School, Jalgaon, maharashtra
Nidhi Kumari Gupta, class 8, School dropout, Muzaffarpur, Bihar
Pavithra R, class 7, SRC Memorial Matriculation School, Erode, Tamil Nadu
Vidya Ramesh, class 12, Greenwood High International School, Bangalore, Karnataka

The idea is to incorporate easy steering mechanism and brakes to make turning hand carts easy and arrest slide on inclines.
Young Usman saw a street vendor struggling with his hand cart while negotiating a turn on an incline, which triggering this idea. He also thought of adding a folding seat to the cart. Nidhi, a school  ropout, saw her father facing problems negotiating turns while selling ‘petha’ (kind of sweet) on his hand cart. Vidya suggested incorporating gears and bicycle styled steering mechanism in hand-carts. She likes reading books, engaging herself in outdoor activities and is still looking for a challenging ambition to chase. Trained Bharatanatyam dancer, Pavithra, aspires to become a doctor and serve the society. She likes to keep abreast of all the happenings around her. She has won a number of awards in essay writing and speeches and plans to make a library of her own with more than 1000 books.
22. Sensor to correct body posture /regulate viewing distance
Sunvi Agarwal, class 10, Carmel Convent School, Chandigarh

Light/touch sensors integrated in a seat. When a user bends forward or takes ergonomically bad posture, the sensors detects the motion and puts the TV on standby. Sunvi realized the need for this when she often reclined or assumed bad posture while watching television. She loves to write- articles, stories and poems. She participates in debates, panel discussions, plays badminton and is now learning photography. She wants to take up such a job when she grows up which does not restrict  her to a table and a chair; Indian armed services is one of her choices.
23. Automatic spike system near traffic signal
S. Siva Mahima, class 9, Kendriya Vidyalaya, RK Puram, New Delhi
Shameet Badarla, class 11, Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Uppal, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

Retractable spikes before the zebra crossing that come out when the traffic signal is red to prevent signal jumping by vehicles. Siva Mahima was quite concerned with the poor traffic sense of commuters specially when they disregard lanes, jump signals and break other traffic rules, and thus came up with this idea. She loves animals, likes reading about wildlife and wants to become a veterinary doctor. Her hobbies include singing, origami and other craft work.
Losing a dear friend in an accident caused due to signal jumping by a truck made Shameet seriously think about this idea. He likes playing table and foot ball in his free time. With great interest in  computer programming, he wants to grow up and be a robotics engineer with specialization in artificial intelligence. He would like to reduce agricultural costs and bring more benefit to the farmers.

24. Device to indicate sudden fall or onset of convulsions /seizures Soumya Ranjan Behera, 7, BTTS Upper Primary School, Jagatisinghpur, Odisha

A wearable device that alerts if user falls suddenly; useful for old people, and those suffering from  its, convulsions, seizures etc. This will help keep an electronic eye (if integrated with mobile) on one’s loved ones to track if they were okay or not. The idea struck Soumya Ranjan when one of his friends  getting an epileptic attack and fell down. He wondered, what if she wasn’t around? He likes to play cricket and wants to become a mechanical engineer.
25. Device to cool down anger
Shweta Sharma, class 11, Police DAV, Jallandhar, Punjab

A head worn device that cools down our nerves within a quick time after wearing. Believing that getting angry frequently may lead to unnecessary
stress and hyper tension, Shweta has started
thinking about developing a head gear, which when
worn by an angry person can immediately cool him/
her down. Shweta likes studying chemistry and
physics, and watching cricket and wants to become
a scientist.
26. Keeping students fresh while reading
Mahirah Akhter and Morifat Wani, class 10, Maryam
Memorial Institute, Kupwara, Jammu & Kashmir
An ink or a paper (for books), which emits certain
radiations keeping reader fresh and fatigue free.
Seeing her elder brother getting tired after long
studying hours, Mahira thought of having such a
book. She wants to become a teacher as she
believes that a good teacher can reform the society.
Morifat has been a brilliant student since childhood
and conceived this idea while studying Rutherford’s
model of atoms. She has been conducting the
morning assembly of her school for many years and
campaigning for environment cleanliness. She
wants to become a doctor and serve the people of
her village.
Do you also have exciting ideas like these? Or
know any school students who do? National
Innovation Foundation – India has started inviting
entries for the IGNITE contest this year. You can go
through the details here.
The submissions for the contest can be made
through the following means-
1. Email the details at ignite14@nifindia.org
2.Submit online at http://nif.org.in/ignite/
3. Mail them at the following address (directly/throu
gh the Principal)-
IGNITE 2014
National Innovation Foundation – India
Satellite Complex, Premchand Nagar Road,
Jodhpur Tekra, Satellite
Ahmedabad 380 015, Gujarat