GATE 2015 GRADUATE APTITUDE TEST IN ENGINEERING

GATE 2015

GRADUATE APTITUDE TEST IN ENGINEERING

Organizing Institute: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Admission to Postgraduate Courses  (Masters and Doctoral) in the country, with MHRD and other Government Scholarships/Assistantships in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Science, is open to those who qualify in GATE. 

Validity of GATE 2015 score will be for a period of 3 (THREE) YEARS ONLY from the date of  announcement of results. For all the papers, GATE 2015 examination will be conducted in only ONLINE mode. For some of the papers the examination will be conducted in multiple sessions. For details, please visit GATE 2015 website.

Eligibility: Candidates in the following categories ONLY are eligible to appear for GATE:
(a) Bachelor’s degree holders in Engineering/ Technology/Architecture (4 years after 10+2/Post-Diploma) and those who are in the final year of such programs,
(b) Candidates in the final year of the Four-year Bachelor’s degree program in Science (B.S.).
(c) Master’s degree holders in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalent and those who are in the final year of such programs,
(d) Candidates in the second or higher year of the Four-year Integrated Master’s degree program (Post-B.Sc.) in Engineering/Technology,
(e) Candidates in the fourth or higher year of Five-year Integrated Master’s degree program or Dual Degree program in Engineering/Technology,
(f) Candidates in the final year of Five-year integrated M.Sc. or Five year integrated B.Sc./M.Sc. program and
(g) Candidates with qualifications obtained through examinations conducted by professional societies recognized by UPSC/AICTE (e.g. AMIE by IE(I), AMICE(I) by the Institute of Civil Engineers (India)-ICE(I)) as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech. Those who have completed section A or equivalent of such professional courses are also eligible.

Candidates have to apply only ONLINE. The application fee is 1500 for General/OBC male candidates, 750 for female candidates and 750 for the SC/ST/PwD category candidates. The application fee can be paid either online or through e-challan via State Bank of India or Axis Bank
(additional bank charges may apply). The application fee is non refundable.

Application Process Submission of Online Application Forms may be made by accessing the website of the zonal GATE office of the examination city where the candidate wishes to appear. For details on filling up of online application form and the application process, please refer to the websites of IISc or any of the IITs as listed below.

Zonal GATE Office Tentative List of Examination Cities*

Chairperson, GATE, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru - 560 012
Website: gate.iisc.ernet.in
Alappuzha, Aluva, Ananthapur, Attingal, Bagalkot, Bangalore, Belgaum, Bellary, Bidar, Chengannur, Davengere, Gulbarga, Hassan, Hubli, Idukki, Kannur, Kanjirapally, Kasaragod, Kolar, Kollam, Kothamangalam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Kurnool, Malappuram, Mangalore, Manipal, Muvattupuzha, Mysore, Nedumangad, Pala, Palakkad, Payyannur, Port Blair, Punalur, Shimoga, Thrissur, Tumkur and Vadakara

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400 076
Website: www.gate.iitb.ac.in
Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar, Amravati, Anand, Aurangabad, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Gandhinagar, Goa, Hyderabad, Jalgaon, Kolhapur, Lonawala, Mehsana, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nanded, Nashik, Navi Mumbai, Pune, Rajkot, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Secunderabad, Solapur, Surat, Thane and Vadodara

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110016
Website: gate.iitd.ac.in
Ajmer, Alwar, Bahadurgarh, Bikaner, New Delhi, Delhi-NCR, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hisar-Rohtak, Indore, Jammu, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Karnal, Kota, Mathura, Palwal, Sikar, Udaipur-Chittorgarh and Ujjain.

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039
Website: www.iitg.ernet.in/gate
Agartala, Asansol,Dhanbad, Durgapur, Gangtok, Guwahati, Imphal, Jorhat, Kalyani, Patna, Silchar, Siliguri, Shillong and Tezpur

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur – 208016
Website: www.iitk.ac.in/gate
Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Bareilly, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur – 721302
Website: gate.iitkgp.ac.in
Balasore, Berhampur (Odisha), Bhilai, Bhimavaram, Bhubaneswar, Bilaspur (CG), Cuttack, Eluru, Hooghly, Jamshedpur, Kakinada, Kharagpur, Kolkata, Raipur, Rajahmundry, Ranchi, Rourkela, Sambalpur, Tadepalligudem, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Madras, Chennai – 600036
Website: gate.iitm.ac.in
Angamaly , Bapatla, Chennai North, Chennai South, Chittoor, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dindigul, Ernakulam, Erode, Gudur, Guntur, Kadapa, Kanyakumari, Karimnagar, Karur, Khammam, Madurai, Nagercoil, Nalgonda, Namakkal, Nellore, Ongole, Puducherry (Pondicherry), Salem, Thanjavur, Thiruchengode, Thiruvannamalai, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli, Tirupati, Tuticorin, Vellore, Villupuram, Virudhunagar and Warangal

Chairperson, GATE, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee – 247667
Website: www.iitr.ac.in/gate
Ambala, Amritsar, Bathinda, Chandigarh-Mohali-Fatehgarh Sahib, Dehradun, Ghaziabad, Haldwani-Bhimtal, Hamirpur (HP)-Una, Jalandhar-Phagwara, Kurukshetra, Ludhiana-Moga, Meerut, Moradabad, Noida, Panchkula, Panipat, Pathankot, Patiala-Sangrur, Roorkee- Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur, Sirmaur, Solan-Shimla, Sonepat and Yamunanagar

* List of cities may change. Please consult corresponding zonal GATE office websites for complete list of cities.

IMPORTANT DATES

Commencement of ONLINE Application Monday 1st Sept 2014

Last date for submission of ONLINE Application (website closure) including the upload of supporting documents  (Photograph, proof of eligibility and category certificate for SC/ST/PwD) at respective zonal GATE Offices Wednesday 1st Oct. 2014

Dates of Examination

Between 31st January 2015 and 14th February 2015 (On Saturdays and Sundays)
The exact schedule will be given on the GATE 2015 website

New method for propulsion in fluids

Researchers discover a way for temperature gradients in fluids to move objects.

David L. Chandler | MIT News Office

Researchers at MIT have discovered a new way of harnessing temperature gradients in fluids to propel objects. In the natural world, the mechanism may influence the motion of icebergs floating on the sea and rocks moving through subterranean magma chambers.
The discovery is reported this week in the journal Physical Review Letters by associate professor of mechanical engineering Thomas Peacock and four others. The finding was an unexpected outcome of research on other effects of temperature differences, such as the way winds form over glaciers in a valley, Peacock says.

These winds are generated by natural convection that arises from temperature differences between a fluid and a heated or cooled boundary. “People had only ever studied this phenomenon in relation to a fixed object,” Peacock says. But his group realized that “if you can induce these kinds of flows on the
boundaries of a floating object, you can generate forces.”
Peacock’s first study of the concept, about four years ago, focused on slow flows caused by diffusion — work that demonstrated that induced
boundary flows can generate small propulsive forces. But diffusion is a very gradual process, he says, and the resulting forces are perhaps too
small to be exploited.
“I always thought, and expected, that the equivalent flows you could generate by selective heating and
cooling of an object could be more significant,”
Peacock says.
But perfecting the experimental setup was challenging. Fully calming a floating object and tank of water before beginning a test and devising a way to heat the object without causing ripples or movement were particularly difficult tasks. The
team decided to use a metal wedge, about 5 inches long, containing a heating element that could be
activated by a remote control unit.
This experiment was the first to demonstrate that a temperature differential between the surface of an
object and the surrounding fluid can drive movement — an effect that might have widespread significance in the natural world, and potential for
future technologies.
The effect itself is surprisingly simple, Peacock explains: “By virtue of heating or cooling the surface
of an object, you change the density of any fluid next to that surface.” In the valley winds previously considered, the object was either a glacier or a valley wall heated by the sun, and the fluid was the air passing over it; in this case, it’s the solid wedge and its surrounding water.
The changed density of the fluid generates a flow over the surface, Peacock says, adding, “That flow
then creates unbalanced forces, with lower pressure on one side, and higher on the other” — an imbalance that propels the object from the higher pressure toward the lower.

The phenomenon applies to “any situation where an object is immersed in fluid, and its temperature is different” from that of the fluid, Peacock says.

The basic equations that govern convection are well known, Peacock says. “This type of flow has been
studied for over 100 years, but somehow, in all that time, no one had thought to do this.”
Colm-cille Caulfield, an applied mathematician and theoretical physicist at Cambridge University who was not involved in this research, says it is indeed surprising that this phenomenon has been
overlooked for so long. “That such a generic and naturally occurring process … has been identified,
demonstrated, and explained for the first time is a significant and surprising discovery,” he says. Coalfield adds that while the initial laboratory proof involved a small object, the effect presumably also
applies to larger systems. “The real prize is to demonstrate that this process is also significant on a larger scale,” he says. “If such a scale-up can be achieved, this work has the potential to be central to our understanding and modeling of many
environmentally and industrially relevant flows.”

Peacock is already working on such follow-up experiments, to figure out “whether the effect can be exploited, in an engineering sense, and also
whether nature might already be exploiting it.”
The method could prove useful in controlling how particles move through microfluidic devices, or in
understanding the motion of material floating in magma. It may, Peacock says, even turn out to be something that living organisms have learned to
harness: If a very small creature can propel itself by selectively heating or cooling itself, that could turn out to be a significant mechanism, he says.
“It’s very rare in fluid mechanics to discover a new phenomenon like this,” Peacock says. “There are
so many fields that this could potentially impact. ….
I hope other researchers will hear about the effect and investigate it in their particular fields and discover new things.”

In addition to Peacock, the work was carried out by former MIT postdoc Matthieu Mercier, now at the
Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse in France; MIT affiliates Brian Doyle and Michael
Allshouse; and Arezoo Ardekani, now a faculty member at the University of Notre Dame.

Basic Thermodynamic

Thermodynamic System

The study of thermodynamics considers the basic subject of the analysis what is called a system. In
general, a system can be defined solely as the part of the universe that the research or study focus the
attention. The previous understanding of system divides the universe into two parts, the system and
the surroundings . Thus, the surroundings is everything in the universe outside of the system.

Macroscopic Point of View

The thermodynamics study of a system can be described in terms of general quantities such as the
system composition (chemical composition in many cases), volume, pressure, and temperature. This is the macroscopic point of view of a thermodynamic system. Thus, the macroscopic point of view of a thermodynamic system refers to the large scale properties of the system.

Microscopic Point of View

The microscopic study of thermodynamic system is based on the formulations of statistical mechanics. Under this formalism, the thermodynamic system is considered to be formed by a very large number of molecules, N , where the individual molecules are characterized by six independent parameters. Of the six independent parameters, three are the position coordinates of the molecule at any instant of time; and, the remaining three parameters are the velocity coordinates of the molecule. The molecules of the thermodynamic system can interact with  each other through simple collisions or through forces produced by their particular fields. These forces are especially important when they are of the magnetic or electric nature. The thermodynamic system is analyzed in terms of the possible energy states accessible to the individual molecules. After measuring macroscopic quantities associated to the thermodynamic system, the value of the macroscopic parameters are a reflection of the equilibrium state of the thermodynamic system as obtained from the probabilistic analysis of the
possible microscopic individual energy states of the molecules. The probabilistic analysis of the possible states of the individual molecules of the system  determines all the possible states of the
thermodynamic system; from those, the state with the highest probability is called the equilibrium
state. In the study of thermodynamic systems, the population (number of molecules) of the different
molecular energy states is the foremost problem to be solved.
In many cases, to validate the probabilistic approach to the study of thermodynamic systems the  system is considered part of an ensemble of systems. An ensemble of system is a large number of similar system where the system under study is a part.

Mechanical and Thermodynamic Coordinates. Mechanical coordinates are associated to the external analysis of the position and velocity of a complete system such as a rigid body. Based on the mechanical coordinates of the system, the potential and kinetic energies of the system can be calculated. The potential and kinetic energies are called the mechanical or external energy of the system, On the other side, macroscopic quantities determining the internal state of the system are called thermodynamic coordinates . The thermodynamic quantities are used to establish the internal energy of the system. A system is a thermodynamic system, if it can be described in terms of the thermodynamic coordinates.

Thermal Equilibrium

If for a given state of a thermodynamic system, the set of thermodynamic coordinates have a definite
constant value for unchanged external conditions, the state of the system is an equilibrium state. An
individual system reaches the equilibrium state when under unchanged external conditions the thermodynamic coordinates describing the system have a defined constant value. On a multiple systems case, when two systems are in contact with each other, they can be in contact by way of a wall that can be perfectly adiabatic all the way through a wall that is perfectly diathermic .

Adiabatic Walls

A wall is called adiabatic if the wall does not permit the transfer of energy (heat) ( add link to heat) between the systems. Under this conditions, the two systems can maintain their own equilibrium state without interfering with each other. Thus, the thermodynamics coordinates associated with each other are unchanged because of the contact between the two systems. Therefore, the two systems can coexist for any value of the thermodynamics variables associated to the equilibrium state of the individual systems.
Materials such as concrete, asbestos, and styrofoam represent a good approximation of adiabatic walls.

Diathermic Walls

A diathermic wall allows the exchange of energy between the two systems (thermal interaction). This exchange of energy produces a change in the thermodynamic coordinates of the two systems until an  equilibrium state between the two systems is obtained. When the two systems have reached an  equilibrium state, the two systems are in thermal equilibrium . Thus, thermal equilibrium is achieved by two or more systems when in contact through diathermic walls, if all the thermodynamic coordinates of the systems reach determined constant values characteristic of the individual system equilibrium states.

Zero Law

Experimentally, it can be seen that thermodynamic  systems in equilibrium satisfies the fallowing transitivity rule:
"If the thermodynamic system A is in thermal equilibrium with the thermodynamic system B, and
the thermodynamic system B is in thermal equilibrium with the thermodynamic system C; then, the thermodynamic system A is in thermal equilibrium with the thermodynamic system C."

The previous statement is called the zero law of thermodynamic. The name is originated from the fact that after the first and second law of thermodynamic were established, it was concluded that the  revious statement was implicitly assumed to be valid without a formal foundation. A simple  experiment that illustrate the scope of the Zero Law of Thermodynamic is described as follow:

In the schematic drawing on the left, between systems A and B there is an adiabatic wall that prevent  the thermal exchange between the two systems. At the same time, both systems are in contact with a third system, C, through diathermic walls that allow the thermal exchange. Thus, the thermal exchanges are possible between systems A and C, or between systems B and C. Nevertheless, the thermal exchange between systems A and B is still prevented by the adiabatic wall. In order to prevent the thermal exchange between the systems and the surroundings, the three systems are enclosed by adiabatic walls. After maintaining the experimental configuration described above for sufficient time, it is encountered that systems A and B reach thermal equilibrium with system C. That is, there is not more thermal exchange between systems A and C or between systems B and C. Remember that the adiabatic wall is preventing the thermal exchange between systems A and B. At this point, system C can be removed from contacting systems A and B. In addition, the adiabatic wall between systems A and B is replaced by a diathermic wall. As mentioned before, this kind of wall allows the thermal exchange between the systems in contact.
However, the experimental result is that there is not thermal exchange between the two systems, A and B. There is not net thermal exchange when the systems in contact have reached thermal equilibrium. Therefore, systems A and B reached equilibrium between them when they reached equilibrium with system C. Thus, if system A is in thermal equilibrium with system C and system C is in thermal equilibrium with system B; then, system A is in thermal equilibrium with system B which is exactly the postulated of the Zero Law of thermodynamics.

Time Table

S.No.		Subjects			Initial Time	Final Time
		COURSE	UNITS
1		Mechanics Of Rigid Bodies	Equations of Equilibrium and its applications
			1st and 2nd moment of area
			Problems on Friction
			Kinematics of particles for plane motion
2.		Mechanics Of Deformable Bodies	Stress and Strain and their relationship, Hook’s Law
			Design Problems on Axial, Shear and bearing Stress
			Principle Stress and strain all Methods
			Bending Moment and Shear Forces
			Bending and Shear Stress
			Deflection of Beams
			Torsion of Circular Shafts
			Thin Shells & Thermal Stress
			Theories of Failure
			Euler’s Theory for Column
3.		Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics & Turbines	Basic Concepts
			1st Law
			2nd Law
			Carnot Cycle, Reversibility, and availability
			Behaviour of ideal and real gases, properties of pure substances
			Fluid Properties; statics, manometry,  buoyancy
			C-V analysis of mass, momentum and energy
			Differential Equations of Continuity and momentum
			Bernoulli’s Equation
			Viscous Flow
			Boundary Layer
			Elementary Turbulent Flow
			Flow through pipes and head losses
			Pelton Wheel
			Francis and Kaplan Turbine [Velocity Diagram]
			Flow through fans, blowers and compressors,
			Axial & Centrifugal flow
			Open & Closed Cycle gas turbine
4.		Heat Transfer	Conduction- General Equations- Laplace, Poisson and Fourier
			One dimensional Steady state heat conduction on simple wall, solid and hollow cylinders & spheres
			Convection- Newton’s law, free and forces convection
			During laminar and turbulent flow of incompressible fluid over a flat plate
			Concepts of Nusselt Number, hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer
			Prandtl Number, Analogy b/w heat and momentum transfer
			During laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes
			Free convection from horizontal and vertical plates
			Radiation- Black Body
			Stefan-Boltzmann, Planck distribution and Wein’s Displacement
			Basic Heat Exchanger Analysis
			Classification of Heat Exchangers
5.		I.C. Engines	Thermodynamics Cycles
			Break Power, I.P. and Efficiency
			Interpretation of performance
			Combustion in SI and CI
			Effects of working parameters
			Forms of combustion chambers
			Different Systems of IC engines fuels
			Lubricating, cooling and transmission systems
6.		Steam Engineering	Steam Generation/Table
			Modified Rankine Cycle Analysis
			Modern Steam boilers
			Boilers Fuels
			Steam Nozzles and its types
			Different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated
			Rankine Cycle with irreversibility
			Reheat factor, reheating and regeneration, Methods of governing
			Steam power plants
			Combined cycle power generation
			HRSG fired and unfired and cogeneration
7.		Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning	Vapour compression cycle
			Eco friendly refrigerants
			System devices
			Psychrometry- properties; processes; chart;
			Sensible heating and cooling
			Humidification and dehum. effect
			Air-conditioning load calculation
8.		Material Science	Basic Concepts on structure of solids
			Common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications
			Heat-treatment on steels
			Stress- strain diagrams
9.		Manufacturing Science/ Management	Metal Casting: Design and Solidification
			Forming: Plastic Deformation
			Fundamentals of hot and cold working
			Load estimation for bulk and sheet
			Powder Metallurgy
			Joining: Physics of welding, brazing and soldering, design consideration
			Machine Tool: Mechanics of machining
			Tool Geometry, life and materials, wear
				Principle of Conventional Machining, work holding and design of jig and fixtures
				NC and CNC machining process
				Non- Conventional Machining- EDM, ECM, Ultrasonic
				WJM etc, Energy rate Calculation and applications of laser and plasma
				Metrology- Concept of fits and tolerance Tools and gauges
				Inspection of length; position and surface finish
				Factory Location and Plant Layout- Method Based
				Process selection and capacity planning
				System Planning and forecasting Methods based on regression and decomposition
				Inventory Management- Probabilistic inventory models for  order time and order quantity
				JIT systems, strategic sourcing
				Systems Plant and Control:
				Scheduling for Job Shops; applications of statistical methods and process quality control
				Applications of Control Charts
				System Improvements: Implementation of systems