Showing posts with label Knowledge. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Knowledge. Show all posts

Tuesday 3 March 2015

5 Best Mechanical Engineering Books

Mechanical engineering is arguably one of the most competitive fields in the world. Whether you are a mechanical engineer or studying to become one, you will always need reliable and up-to-date sources and references to get by. A good handbook on engineering design, for instance, will save you a lot of time and help you tackle design challenges.

Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers by E. A. Aballone, T. Baumeister, and A. Saegh is one of the best mechanical engineering books you can find. This book provides comprehensive guide to all aspects of the field and it has been used as one of the standard handbooks for engineers for decades. It has all the important engineering principles and mathematical methods that you will need in a brief yet clear manner. The eleventh edition, which is the latest edition, even covers high technology areas such as biotechnology and nanotechnology.

Without a doubt, every mechanical engineer should have a good design handbook. Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design by R. Budynas and K. Nisbett has been used as the standard machine design handbook for more than 40 years. The book covers basic concepts of machine design very clearly, so it is no wonder that it is frequently listed as one of the must-have books for mechanical engineering students.


For almost a century, Erik Oberg's Machinery's Handbook has been used as a reference book by mechanical and manufacturing engineers, toolmakers, draftsmen, designers, and machinists. It covers a very wide area, from the basic to the more advanced concepts. The 28thedition features a very user-friendly format and revised material on manufacturing processes, tools and toolmaking, and more.

As a very dynamic field, mechanical engineering has lots of branches, and thermodynamics is one of them. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics by C. Borgnakke and R. E. Sonntag, is one of the most popular books on this topic. This book is ideal for both professionals and students because it provides comprehensive guide to classical thermodynamics. It is packed with examples, homework problems, and illustrations to help students to gain a better understanding of the topic.

Design engineers are expected to have knowledge of materials science. If you want to gain an in-depth knowledge about the properties and behaviors of various materials, then you should definitely read W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch's Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. The book covers all the major materials that are commonly used in machine manufacturing such as ceramics, metals, and polymers. It also discusses about the relationships that exist between the structural elements of materials and their properties

Saturday 28 February 2015

Pre-preparation for the GATE preparation

In this post I will try to answer some of the important questions that usually arise in the mind of a GATE aspirant.

PHASE 1: To become familiar with GATE exam.

I think I should start with the very basic question, “What is GATE all about?

You can get the answer of this question by simply visiting the website of any IIT or IISc. For your reference I am providing one link below. One can go through that.

Please note that this information is about GATE09 only. It may be subjected to change for GATE10. The websites will be updated as form for GATE10 will be available. Generally form is available in the month of October or September end.

PHASE 2: Preparation.

For a GATE aspirant after getting answer of first question the chunk of questions will arise regarding preparation. Now I am trying to answer all those questions one by one.

1. What is the correct time to start preparation for GATE?

Ideally one should study all the courses thoroughly at the college level. It means that the preparation for GATE starts as soon as one takes admission in the engineering college. But I know this is the ideal thing and only few can do this.

As in beginning no one can decide whether he want to do M.tech or not. This maturity comes in the 2nd or 3rd year only, as now one can decide whether he is interested in the technical stuffs or not.

As far as my personal opinion is concerned one should start preparation during the 3rd year. And one should appear for GATE in the 3rd year to have a feel about exam, but if one have not prepared well this will be of no worth. So try to complete as many subjects as possible (perfectly) before you appear for the GATE during the 3rd year. This will help you a lot to find out where you are lacking in preparation, how to manage the paper in 3 hours, what is the effect of negative marking and all such important issues.

2. What is the authentic material for the preparation?

There are many different opinions for the answer of this particular question.
As far as I am concerned I had took lot of pain in the selection of authentic material for preparation. As this is the most important aspect of the preparation.

There are so many misconceptions that the book from GK publication is enough for the preparation or say various materials available from different coaching institutes do the work. Frankly speaking all these materials available in the market are supplements only. They are not at all enough for the perfect preparation for GATE.
The most important material is authentic books for a particular subject. Always prepare any subject from authentic books only.

I had approached to IITs’ professors for this and I had come to know about the various authentic books which probably I had not used during my college. And I had experienced the difference too between books used at our colleges and these books. Some of the books were same too.

I am going to produce a list of books to be used for different subjects of mechanical engineering.

1. Advanced Engineering mathematics by

a. Erwin kreyszig (John wiley & sons publication) (strongly recommended)
b. Dr.B.S.Garewal (Khanna publications) (strongly recommended)

2. Engineering mechanic (statics and dynamics) by

a. Beer and Johnston (the Tata McGraw Hill publications)

b. Prof. P.J.shah
(few but various enough examples - good book)
3. Strength of material by

a. G.H.Ryder (English Language Book society)

4. Theory of machines by

a. Amitabh Ghosh and Ashok kumar mallik ( Affiliated East –West press private Limited)
b. S.S. Rattan ( The Tata McGraw Hill publications)

Both the books are necessary for the preparation.

5. Machine design by

a. R.S.Khurami ( S.Chand & sons publication)

Though this is not the authentic book but for subject it is more than enough for GATE)

6. Vibrations by

a. V.P.singh

7. Fundamentals of thermodynamics by

a. P.K.Nag (The Tata McGraw Hill publications)
b. Van Whylen (John wiley & sons publication)

Both books are strongly recommended and necessary for total preparation.

8. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by

a. R.K.Rajput (thermal science and engineering) (Laxmi publications)

This is the website developed by the IITs. Here you can get web courses for almost all courses. But the psychometric processes described here are too good. Please go through that.

9. Applied thermodynamics

a. R.K.Rajput (thermal science and engineering) (Laxmi publications)

10. Heat and Mass transfer by

a. Yunus A.cengel (The McGraw-Hill companies)

To understand the fundamentals properly I strongly recommend this book

11. Fluid mechanics and machines

a. Dr.R.K.Bansal (Laxmi publications) (strongly recommended)
b. Yunus A.cengel (The McGraw-Hill companies)

To understand the fundamentals properly I strongly recommend this book

12. Manufacturing science by

a. P.N.Rao (volume 2 and 3) (The Tata McGraw Hill publications)
b. Amitabh Ghosh and Ashok kumar mallik ( Affiliated East –West press Private limited)
c. P.C.Sharma
d. S.Kalpakjian (Pearson Education) (very nice book) (fundamentally strong)

All these books are necessary for the complete understanding of the subject manufacturing science.

13. Management science and Operations management

a. Hamdy A.Taha (operations research)( prentice hall of India privet limited)
b. William J. Stevenson ( introduction to management science)(IRWIN pub)
c. B.Mahadevan (Operations management) (Dorling Kindersley (India)Privet limited)
d. J.K.sharma (operations research)

Note. The topic named “Probabilistic Inventory system” is nicely given in the Brilliant tutorials.
To understand the fundamentals properly I strongly recommend this book

Besides this previous 10 to 12 years solved GATE papers are needed.

Mechanical Engineering – Final Year Project Ideas

Benefits of final year project

Your final year project (BE or ME) can help you in the following ways:
1. You can increase your overall percentage by scoring 90 to 95% marks through a good project.
2. An industry-oriented project can add extra weight age to your resume and help you get a good job in the core mechanical industry.
3. A technically good project can give you an added advantage if you are planning for higher studies in US, UK, Germany etc.

Hence, make your final-year project valuable even if it takes a little more time and effort.

Choose the right industry
You can choose one of the following industries for your project:
Aerospace, Automobile, Marine, HVAC, Oil & Gas, Industrial, Turbo-machines, Machine-tools, Appliances etc.

Choose the right type
You can choose one of the following types:
a. Experimental Projects:
a.i. This type of projects need good lab-facilities and hi-tech instruments for measuring your experimental set-up accurately. Only IITs and IISc have such facilities. Students from Tier II and private colleges try their best but mostly end-up in cooking-up the results or change the project at the last moment due to non-availability of the above facilities.

a.ii. Also it involves more time and cost for setting up the project for those students who are already tightly scheduled with final-exams or campus interviews.

a.iii. This type is feasible for those who don’t have such constraints.

b. Design Projects:
a.i. CAE Projects – Stress analysis, dynamic analysis etc. of aero, auto or mechanical systems can be done through these projects. New design, Improving performance, optimization can be accomplished. FEM based software like ANSYS, NASTRAN, RADIOSS, HYPERMESH etc. can be used.

a.ii. CFD Projects – Flow analysis, Thermal analysis, Aerodynamics improvement are the typical projects. This uses software like FLUENT, STAR-CCM+ are used for CFD analysis.

a.iii. Flexibility and accuracy are the major advantages in this type of projects.
a.iv. However it needs some additional training

Job Opportunities

Interviewers give more weight age for good projects.
CAE or CFD projects in Aerospace and automobile systems have more job opportunities in India, US, Europe and Japan. At the same time HVAC, Oil & Gas, Marine have good opportunities in Gulf.
Choose a RELEVANT project. Go ahead and choose the right project using the above factors. All the best….

Some Project Titles.
  1. CFD projects in Automobile Industry
  2. Design Optimization of Diesel Engine Manifold using CFD Simulations
  3. Improving the mileage of a passenger car through aerodynamics re-design using CFD Techniques
  4. CFD projects in Aerospace Industry
  5. Prediction and minimization of drag on an aircraft wing using CFD Analysis
  6. Design of aircraft safety systems using CFD analysis
  7. CAE project in Automobile Industry
  8. Design optimization of chassis of a truck using CAE analysis
  9. Redesign of a suspension system for passenger car using CAE analysis
  10. CAE project in Aerospace Industry
  11. Design optimization of nose-cone frame of an aircraft using CAE analysis
  12. Performance optimization of wing-box of an aircraft using CAE analysis
More projects…
The choice of the industry can be based on your interest or based on future job-opportunities.

Friday 9 January 2015

MORE EBOOKS AND LECTURE VIDEOS FORENGINEERING STUDENTS

*Applied Thermodynamics :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/IIT-MADRAS/Applied_Thermodynamics/
index.php
*Mechanical Measurements and Metrology :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Mechanical_
Measurements_Metrology/index.php
*Mechanical Measurements and Metrology :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1020
*Industrial Engineering :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/
Webcourse-contents/IIT-ROORKEE/INDUSTRIAL-
ENGINERRING/index.htm
*Industrial Engineering :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?
courseId=1105
*Advanced Strength of Materials :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1006
*Kinematics :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-
contents/IIT-Delhi/Kinematics%20of%20Machine/
index.htm


*Kinematics of Machines :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1018

*Manufacturing Processes I :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-ROORKEE/
MANUFACTURING-PROCESSES/index.htm

*Manufacturing Processes I :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1106
*Design of Machine Elements I :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur/Machine
%20design1/New_index1.html
*Design of Machine Elements I :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1063
*Dynamics of Machines :javascript:fullScreen('http://
www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Dynamics%20of%
20Machines/Course%20Objective.html')
*Dynamics of Machines :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1008
*Manufacturing Processes II :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur/Manuf%
20Proc%20II/New_index1.html
*Manufacturing Processes II :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1083
*Heat and Mass Transfer :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/Webcourse-contents/IISc-BANG/Heat%20and%
20Mass%20Transfer/New_index1.html


*Heat and Mass Transfer :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1089


*Project and Production Management :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-Delhi/
project%20and%20production%20management/index.htm

*Project and Production Management :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1037
*Machine Design II :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-
MADRAS/Machine_Design_II/index.php
*Fluid Machinery :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/
Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/machine/ui/About-
Faculty.html
*Refrigeration and Air Conditioning :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%
20Kharagpur/Ref%20and%20Air%20Cond/New_
index1.html
*Refrigeration and Air Conditioning :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1025
*Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing I :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-Delhi/
Computer%20Aided%20Design%20&%20ManufacturingI/
index.htm
*Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing II :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-Delhi/
Computer%20Aided%20Design%20&%20ManufacturingII/
index.htm
*Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1098
*Robotics :javascript:fullScreen('http://
www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Robotics%
20Course/Course%20Objective.html')
*Robotics :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?
courseId=1052
*Mechanical Vibrations :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/
Webcourse-contents/IIT-%20Guwahati/ve/index.htm
*Advanced Operations Research :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1118
*Finite Element Method :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
video.php?courseId=1012
*Strength of Materials :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/
IIT-MADRAS/Strength_of_Materials/index.php
*Materials Selection and Design :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/material_
selection/ui/Course_Objective.html
*Introduction to Finite Element Method :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1051
*Basic Thermodynamics :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/
Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/Basic_
Thermodynamics/ui/About-Faculty.html
*Principles of Mechanical Measurements :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1072
*Introduction to Turbulence :http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/Introduction_
to_Turbulence/ui/About-Faculty.html
*Advanced Finite Elements Analysis :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1096
*Fundamentals of Operations Research :http://
nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1110

Wednesday 29 October 2014

How should GATE be cracked within 3 months ?

The answer for that question solely depends on You.

Here are some points that would help you :

1. Analyze Yourself

I am just a random guy on the internet,you can't. solely depend on my answer. First try to analyze yourself. Go through the syllabus and make a note that how much good you're with your syllabus. You can find the amount of syllabus you've covered by this prepmeter.
Analyze your preparation level

2. How Good are you?

Now you have gone through your syllabus and can know your weak topics.Try to focus more on them.Try to allocate as much as time as possible for those topics.And be intelligent enough to leave the topics that aren't necessary.

3.Follow Standard Textbooks

I can't stress that enough.Majority of my friends who are preparing for GATE exams bought some Mock test papers and were trying to solve them.They are more interested in knowing the technique than learning the topic.They all stuck with all the topics and were solely relying on the
"key".Don't be such kind of a person.Learn from standard textbooks they help you in clearing your basics.

Education is like a house,the basement has to be strong for the house to cherish.

4.Connect Everything

I once read a quote,it says like

" Education is learning random things.Knowledge is about
connecting all those things".

All your subjects are related to one another. So if you read a subject well then it will help you in understanding the other subject. Study SOM before MD. (Sorry! I'm a ME guy).

5.Practice.

Practice and Practice even more Lock up yourself in a room.Study a subject and solve all the questions regarding that subject in previous papers.There will be some topics in which the IIT's concentrate more.Find them and practice them even harder.If you're in college,Read the topics at home and go sit in the last bench of your class and try solving those questions. Never stop practicing.

6.Success comes at a pay

As the GATE exam is about to approach just try to give more time for your preparation.There will be lot
of time you would have been wasting in your day. Just try to minimize that.
DON'T USE INTERNET UNLESS IT IS ACADEMIC ORIENTED.(You can have
a little relaxing time on it but make sure it doesn't count as a distraction).

Give all of your effort.

What is wrong with Indian Education?

So..what is the definition of wrong when it comes to education ? 

Lack of well rounded education . Nerds are restricted to books while jocks are restricted to practice nets. Unfortunately, nerds can benefit a lot from sports and learn team dynamics and how to work along with other people. Jocks on the other hand can learn a few things like critical thinking and logical reasoning.

Absence of disruptive innovators and rebels in our society . Like the commonly quoted Steve Jobs, we do have a lack of innovators (small when compared to our huge population) in our  country.
What we instead have in our country is nation of sloggers who are restricted by our underdeveloped society's definition of success and cramming in spite of unhappiness to get into an engineering college and later to get the next promotion. This is completely done irrespective of if they actually care about the subject and work but rather by social conditioning which deludes them into thinking this how they can attain salvation.

Is it unfair to compare India with say...United States ?
Well take a completely unrelated metric ..life expectancy and compare the US, India and  Singapore. Singapore was chosen by me because in the lifetime of our previous generation it managed to go from an under developed third world to a first world country. Now if you look at something as basic as life expectancy, India completely lacks behind US and Singapore with a life expectancy of something around 65. That would literally mean,  if you are in your 30s, more than half of your life
is gone (yes you can argue it is for the entire nation and not specifically the urban population.)  Anyway coming back to life expectancy, India is where Singapore was in the 1960s. 

Now what does that say to us ?
India is still in the "survival mode" . Since its creation in 1947, we have been and still are in the "survival mode". What happens in the survival mode is that we do cost-benefit  analysis of every decision in our lives and unfortunately in education, career as well as marriage. This explains why engineering is the overwhelming choice of the majority of the people in this country and in similar countries like China (who smartly have also recognized the potential of studying finance.) After we leave the "survival mode" as a nation, then only we will reach the developed stage like US and Canada where a significant fraction will choose subjects which they actually like and rather not forced by society to choose. After that when we reach the "Uber-Developed" status like Scandinavian countries, then the majority of our country, free of financial constraints will pursue their dreams.

Inspite of all this if we look at the enrollment in tertiary education in both US and India (assuming the correctness of the data, they are amazingly similar with approximately 20% enrollment with India doing better). As per the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2012, 96.5% of all rural children between the ages of 6-14 were enrolled in school. This is the fourth annual survey to report enrollment above 96%. 83% of all rural 15-16 year olds were enrolled in school. However, going forward, India will need to focus more on quality.Gross enrollment at the tertiary level has crossed 20% (as per an Ernst & Young Report cited in Jan 2013 in Education News/ minglebox.com  "In 2006, 19.5 percent of the adult population had attended college but had no degree, 7.4 percent held an associate's degree , 17.1 percent held a bachelor's degree , and 9.9 percent held a graduate or professional degree . The historic gender gap had practically vanished.  New England had the highest proportion of college graduates, and the South Central states the lowest. "
So what is wrong with our curriculum ?
Actually nothing. Our curriculum is perfect and better than most countries. We are taught a vast majority of subjects (we will get to teaching methods later) which will allow us to recognize where  our interest lies later in life. Hardly do you get Shakespeare and C++ being taught at high school  level in developing country. Even in a developed country like Singapore, the syllabus is not so vast and people who might take History will not end up taking Geography. Unfortunately, our co-curricular activities lack behind a lot which would actually produce a well rounded individual. We end up being egoistical, individualistic narrow minded individual. However, till this crazy competition goes away, I doubt if any importance will be paid to co- curricular activities.
So who are we to blame ?
Parents, Teachers and Society "Cost Benefit Analysis of every Career Decision" When was the last time anyone studied engineering especially ECE because they liked it? They had been tinkering with circuits since young, taking apart radios and other stuff. When was the last time we studied anything because we liked doing it not because we can quote a huge starting annual salary?

Another consequence of the country being in the "survival mode", is that the insecurities of the parents are passed to the children over time and the ultimate objective is to achieve financial stability in whichever way possible.
"Myopic Definition of Success"
Standard definition of success common in our society is getting into a top engineering college followed by working in an unrelated field which would pay the most followed by getting into a B School to work in a field which you did not know  even existed when you were in high school. Although I congratulate the successful ones from the top schools, what concerns me is that the definition of success is extremely myopic. Life is  a long, long journey and although this might give you a good start, it will never determine where you end up.

In this way I will argue that we should stop blaming reservation as a curse of our society. Reservations can only stop you to a certain point and blaming them for "ruining your whole life" is extremely short sighted.
"Nation of Conformists"
We although will hate to admit, are a nation of conformists. Adventure and risk taking as a whole is just lacking in our DNA. We never explored China during ancient times (Marco Polo came from  Italy), we never bothered to go to Africa till there were jobs for us. We are shit scared to be different.  Every career decision is approved by our parents and society. We are just afraid of making a mistake and being pointed at. This comes from the very fact that  since childhood, our teachers will label anyone different to be a "problem child" who needs psychiatric help, thanks to their limitations as incomplete human beings. We are so scared that we even make our parents choose our life  partners.

Sometimes this delusion and comfort in success are gone by our early 30s and for the first time we want to live for ourselves. Unfortunately thanks to our small life expectancy and probably a family and child to support, this becomes a dream which we can never fulfill. Have you noticed why your father is grumpy all the time...this might be the very reason..!!
So is there any hope left ?

Yes! there is. This new generation is slowly breaking conventions and we are seeing more artists, more designers, more scientists.
Things will be much better by the next generation when people will choose careers out of their own free will.

Tuesday 29 July 2014

A successful mechanical engineering career

Mechanical Engineering Overview - The Field - Preparation-Day in the Life - Earnings - Employment - Development - Career Path Forecast - Professional Organizations - Profiles of Mechanical Engineers -
Mechanical Engineering Overview PowerPoint - Podcast
Professional Development
A successful mechanical engineering career is the result of a building process that starts during the undergraduate years, if not earlier. Once on the job, the process continues through networking, on-the-job training, graduate studies, and continuing professional education. Practicing engineers tell us two things: First, today's engineer is expected to be more self-reliant and more self-managed in planning and doing work. Second, and more important, employers will not plan your career -- nor do you want that to happen. Once you find a company and job that you like, you still need a strategy for moving ahead. Your career building efforts will be more successful if you understand how your aptitudes mesh with your surroundings. Are you doing the work you are best suited for, or are you headed that way -- if not, what additional experience and training do you need to secure the right job?
You are in charge of managing your career, before and after your first promotion.
Manage Your Career
From Day One, evaluate your options within the company, looking for interesting work and good career-building assignments. Find out where that work is located, and what you must do to position yourself for opportunities. You must take steps to manage your own career. Be constantly on the lookout for more experienced advisors and mentors. Tactfully make management aware of your capabilities and interests and illustrate how you think you can benefit the company in a new  assignment. This must be done as a result of a serious examination of yourself and the needs of the company -- in that order -- and by keeping your eye on the big picture of where the company is headed.
What if your current employer cannot move you into more desirable work? Well-planned and timely job changes are part of the mechanical engineers' career strategy for broadening one's experience and advancing in position, responsibility, and salary. Most mechanical engineers gain an understanding of their field and true interests in their very early career experiences. There is a dramatic increase in job changes in years 3 to 5, with related salary gains.
How Long Do Mechanical Engineers Stay in Their First Job? About 43% of the mechanical engineers surveyed were continuing to work for their original employer five years after graduation. Another 25% were with their second employer. We were not able to tell how many, if any, of the changes of employer were due to company mergers or sales.
Lifelong Learning
As a mechanical engineer, you will shape future technology by using the latest developments in current technology. You will be employing technologies and ideas used elsewhere as solutions in your
own projects. You will find yourself being challenged to keep abreast of changes in engineering and  technology. The fundamentals will always be with you, but technological information and resources change continuously. Once you enter the engineering profession, new, self-directed learning becomes a daily objective. You must look for learning opportunities on the job through company resources, advisors and mentors and company training programs. You will also need to look outside the company to resources provided by suppliers to your company, technical societies, professional development programs, publications and products and to graduate studies to meet your learning needs.
Continuously take stock of your learning needs as your career progresses. Ask yourself "what must I know to do my job today, what will I need to learn to the reach that level, how much can I learn on the job, and where can I find the rest?"
Graduate Studies
Graduate studies can be an important part of an engineer's career building plan. In the early stages of your career, a Master's degree can make you more competitive for key positions and better salaries. When evaluating job offers, find out about employer support for graduate course work and proximity to graduate schools. Within the first year or two on the job, step back and assess your interests and what type of graduate studies could help you to move to the next level or into specific jobs.
If you are still in school, seek the advice of professors concerning opportunities at the graduate level and programs that mesh with your interests and capabilities. Remember that faculty recommendations can be a deciding factor in gaining admission to the right graduate program. Get acquainted with the research and teaching assistants in your department, for they can direct you to research jobs that provide the hands-on experience that graduate schools and employers like to see. And if you decide to work for a few years, keep in touch with your advisors.
P.E. License
There's a difference between current job requirements and mid- to long-range career requirements. Taking the longer view, you should be aware of licensing as a Professional Engineer (P.E.). The P.E.  license won't be needed for your first job (you need engineering experience before you can sit for the P.E. exam), and it may not be an issue in every engineering occupation. But a few years down the line your employer may land a contract that requires P.E.'s in key positions, or you may need a P.E. credential to work for a government agency. You may need professional recognition in another country where you have been asked to lead a project. Look at the number of Engineering Service firms in the Employer Data Base -- in a few years you might be applying for a consulting position in one of those firms, or starting your own consulting business. In either case, the P.E. could be a job requirement. Before you can take the P.E. Exam, you will need to take the FE (Fundamentals of Engineering) Exam.
Many students take this exam while in their senior year.  Employers often support efforts toward the P.E. You will need four years of supervised professional experience to qualify for the P.E. exam. The licensure procedures vary somewhat from state to state.
Adaptability
Adaptability is an important attribute for a mechanical engineer. A mechanical engineering education will provide the essentials - subject knowledge, problem-solving skills, and a capability for future learning. When you first start out, it's important to be curious and open-minded about new learning experiences, and to network within the profession and in your industry. It's up to you to keep current so that you have the knowledge base needed to take advantage of changes in technology and the marketplace. Adaptability is a function of time, knowledge, and contacts.

Flexibility is important too -- engineers often have concurrent projects, each calling for different types of knowledge, hands-on skills, and teamwork.
In Case of Adversity School projects are often based on a given set of assumptions, specifications, and defined variables. Career planning starts out the same way, but life seldom runs along a predictable path. In reality, change actually becomes a constant, coming from many directions- customers, economic and monetary policy, global markets and overseas competition, company priorities, and required job skills. All can affect what your job consists of, and where, when, and for how long you do that job.
Working mechanical engineers stress the importance of a positive, flexible, forward-looking attitude, of being prepared for the next job, whatever and wherever that may be. They speak of how networking and professional contacts have enabled them to turn downsizing, layoffs, and gaps between projects into positive job changes. As difficult as these potential occurrences might seem,  they are also significant opportunities to redirect and energize one's career.
Networking
Being active in a professional society is a key part of networking. Skill in networking is an important attribute, a basic skill of the successful engineer, a skill that you should begin to develop during your undergraduate years. Networking can help you to land your first job and it  becomes more important in every subsequent career move. Start today: make a list of the people who can help you advance your career. They can be faculty, students, members of student organizations, and working engineers. Over time, build your own network for the exchange of information, advice, and job leads.

Tuesday 8 July 2014

Famous scientists and their inventions

Some famous scientists and their most remarkable inventions and discoveries Invention is something you create by experimentation, where as discovery is finding out that already exists.

Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647)

The famous Italian physicist and mathematician is the inventor of the barometer (scientific tool used in the field of meteorology to estimate atmospheric pressure), built in 1643. It would be interesting to note that a number of Italian Navy submarines were named after the inventor.

Ferdinand Verbiest (1623 - 1688)

Verbiest was an astronomer and a mathematician. He was the one to invent the world's first automobile. The inventor came up with the idea to create an automobile while visiting China as a missionary. His automobile was powered by steam, but could not carry humans.

Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

Charles Babbage was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered as “Father of Computers”, Babbage  is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845 - 1923)

The famous German physicist Röntgen is the one who discovered the X-rays (also known as Röntgen rays). This invention allowed the German scientist to win the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Thomas Edison (1847 - 1931)

He has made a large number of inventions, but the most well known one is the electric bulb. Among other discoveries of Thomas Edison there are telegraph devices, phonograph, carbon transmitter, direct current generator, universal electric motor, and more.

Emile Berliner (1851 - 1929)

The German-born Jewish American scientist became known for his disc record gramophone (in the United States known as phonograph or record player). Used for recording and reproducing sounds on a gramophone record, vinyl record, the device (with certain modifications made once in a while) was
popular until 1980s.

Alexander Graham Bell (1857 - 1922)

During the experiments he carried out with the telegraph, Bell came up with the idea of the telephone.
The inventor of one of the most popular devices today thought that the telephone was intruding, that is why he did not have one in his workplace.

Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858 - 1913)

Being a mechanical engineer, Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel managed to discover the diesel engine. The German inventor was also a well-known thermal engineer, a polyglot, an expert in arts, and a social theorist.

Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)

One of the greatest scientists of the 20th century is the creator of numerous inventions and theories that transformed a lot of concepts linked to space and time, with the most important discovery being the theory of relativity. Other discoveries of Einstein include the photoelectric effect and the Einstein
calculator.

Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955)

During the World War I Fleming worked as an army medical doctor. He is the inventor of penicillin that prevented a lot of soldiers from being infected. The discovery of penicillin managed to significantly boost the evolution of medicine industry.

Fritz Pfleumer (1881 - 1945)

The German-Austrian engineer is the inventor of the magnetic tape used for recording sound. Pfleumer decided  to grant the right of use to the AEG, a German manufacturer of electrical equipment. The event took place on December 1, 1932. Based on Pfleumer's magnetic tape, the German firm created the world's first practical tape recorder dubbed Magnetophon K1.

Frederick Banting (1891 - 1941)

Initially Banting was dedicated to politics but later decided to shift to medicine. In 1916 he completed his MD and during the World War I worked as a doctor. He was very interested in diabetes and continuously worked on a cure for it. Banting searched for cure for diabetes together with Dr. Charles Best. In 1923 the researcher was awarded with the Nobel Prize for discovering insulin.

Edwin Herbert Land (1909 - 1991)

The co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation was the first who came up with low-cost filters for polarizing light (useful system of in-camera instant photography). His most popular invention, Polaroid instant camera, was officially launched in late 1948 and allowed users to take and develop a picture in just under 60 seconds.

Konrad Zuse (1910 - 1995)

Konrad Zuse built Z1, world's first program-controlled computer. Despite certain mechanical engineering problems it had all the basic ingredients of modern machines, using the binary system and today's standard separation of storage and control. Zuse completes Z3, world's first fully functional programmable computer in 1941.

Samuel Morse (1791-1872)

Samuel Morse was an American painter and inventor who is best remembered today for his invention of single- wire telegraph system and the co-inventor of the Morse Code – method of translating textual information as a series of on and off tones. His discovery changed the way the messages are sent and received in the entire world, and even today Morse Code is still in use in various areas of radio communications.

Guglielmo Marconi (1874 – 1937)

Marconi was an Italian inventor, known as the father of long distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi’s law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is credited as the inventor of Radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun “in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy”

John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946)

Braid was a Scottish Engineer and inventor of the world’s first practical, publicly demonstrated television system, and also the world’s first fully electronic colour television tube. Braid’s early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earned him a prominent place in televisions invention.

The Wright Brothers, Orville(1871-1948), Wilbur(1867-1912)

The Wright brothers were two American brothers, inventors and aviation pioneers who were credited for inventing and building the world’s first successful airplane and making the first controlled,  powered and sustained, heavier than air human flight on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed wing aircraft.

Marie Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934)

Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a polish physicist and chemist working mainly in France, who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the inventor of radium. She was the first  woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields and the only person to win in multiple sciences. She was also the first female professor at university of paris and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in Paris.

Sir Chanderasekhar Venkata Raman (1888-1970)

Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman, an Indian Physicist, was the first to describe and explain in the review nature, in 1928, the experimental observation of the phenomenon in liquids. On 28th February  1928, through his experiments on the scattering of light, he discovered the Raman Effect. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.