Showing posts with label Interview. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Interview. Show all posts

Sunday 14 February 2016

Five Reasons Why Research Is Important

Learning to do research is an integral part of a person's education. Finding reasons why research is important may seem like a no-brainer. But not a few would want to avoid doing so. The lazy, if not mentallydrained, student could say, "Not again." And a disinterested academic could just be doing it for promotion purposes. Yet, for those who like to learn - whether or not they are members of a learning institution -doing research is not just an imperative, but a need. What reasons could drive one to appreciate research and engage in doing it?
 
 Even with the Internet, reading books is still important to doing research.
 1. A Tool for Building Knowledge

Research is required not just for students and academics, but for all professionals. It is also important for budding and veteran writers, both offline and online. For those looking for a job, research is likewise a necessity.
Among professionals and scribes, finding an interesting topic to discuss and/or to write about should go beyond personal experience. Determining either what the general public may want to know about or what researchers want them to realize can serve as a reason to do research.
 The Brain Research Trust acknowledges the importance of research. Undoubtedly, it is crucial to studying and finding possible cures for diseases, as well as how to prevent them. Thus, research becomes a must to ascertain if one’s ideas are supported by previous studies or if these ideas still need proof to be considered as knowledge
Furthermore, in developing new products and services, companies invest in research and development (R&D), as these play a critical role in innovation. R&D also helps secure a vantage point over competitors. Finding out how to make things happen and what could differentiate them from similar stuff can raise the company’s market value. Such improved commercial image can help
boost both its productivity and profitability
The unemployed could also benefit from doing research, for it could lead them not just to find potential employers, but if these are legitimate job offers. Without research, the gullible, yet hopeful jobseeker may fall prey to unscrupulous headhunters who could be involved in illegal recruitment and/or human trafficking.
 2. Means to Understand Various Issues
 Television shows and movies ooze with research - both on the part of the writer(s) and the actors. Though there are hosts who rely on their researchers, there are also those who exert effort to do their own research. This helps them get information that hired researchers missed, build a good rapport with the interviewee, and conduct a good interview in the process.
 For their part, some film and TV actors would take time to interview detectives, boxers, scientists, business people, criminals, and teachers, among others. Others would even immerse themselves in situations that would make them understand social and personal issues like living behind bars or in a drug rehabilitation center. Many would read literature, biographies, or journals to have a better view or context of the story.
 As what Terry Freedman says in "The Importance of Research for ICT Teachers (2011): "Research can shed light on issues we didn’t even know existed, and can raise questions we hadn’t realised even needed asking." Thus, almost all writers of imaginary and non-fictive tales also do research because doing so helps them create a good story and/or achieve strong credibility as an academic.  The Internet provides people a convenient way to do research.

3. A Way to Prove Lies and to Support Truths
 Ever experienced feeling that your mate is having an affair behind your back? Some people would overlook that and say that it's better not to know; others though would take discreet action, hiring detectives to do the work. What does research have to do with that situation? A lot.
Doing research to reveal lies or truths involving personal affairs contributes in either making a relationship work or in breaking away from a dysfunctional one. For the monogamous lot, doing research to disprove or prove infidelity is not simply a trust issue, but a right to find out the truth - unless one's intimate partner has already admitted being polyamorous even before the relationship started. When s/he dislikes answering relationship-related questions, including her/his whereabouts, it is better to see that as a red flag and take baby steps to save yourself from what could become a more serious emotional mess later.
 Scientists also deal with research to test the validity and reliability of their claims or those of other scientists'. Their integrity and competence depend on the quality - and not just quantity - of their research. Nonetheless, not everything scientists come up with get accepted or learned by everyone, especially when factors like religion, state suppression, and access to resources and social services like education and adequate health programs either feed the poor majority with lies or deter them from knowing truths to preserve the status quo.

4. A Seed to Love Reading, Writing, Analyzing, and Sharing Valuable
    Information
 Research entails both reading and writing. These two literacy  functions help enable computation and comprehension. Without these skills, it is less likely for anyone to appreciate and get involved in research. Reading opens the mind to a vast horizon of knowledge, while writing helps a reader use her/his own perspective and transform this into a more concrete idea that s/he understands.
 Apart from reading and writing, listening and speaking are also integral in conducting research. Interviews, attending knowledge-generating events, and casual talks with anyone certainly aid in formulating research topics. They can also facilitate the critical thinking process. Listening to experts discuss the merits of their studies helps the listener to analyze a certain issue and write about such analysis.
 With the vast array of ideas available, scholars and non-scholars involved in research are able to share information with a larger audience. Some view this process as ego-boosting, while others see it as a means to stimulate interest and encourage further studies about certain issues or situations.
 As literacy is integral in improving a person's social and economic mobility and in increasing awareness, research then hones necessary basic life skills and makes learning a life-long endeavor

5. Nourishment and Exercise for the Mind
 Curiosity may kill not just the cat, but the human as well. Yet, it is the same curiosity that fuels the mind to seek for answers. The College Admissions Partners (n.d.) notes how scientific research in particular "helps students develop critical reasoning skills...helpful for any field of higher education..." Such search or the thinking process is food for the brain, allowing creativity and logic to remain active. It also helps prevent mental illnesses like Alzheimer's.
 Indeed, research and doing research encourage people to explore possibilities, to understand existing issues, and to disclose truths and fabricated ones. Without research, technological advancement and other developments could have remained a fantasy. Reading, writing, observing, analyzing, and interacting with others facilitate an inquisitive mind's quest for knowledge. Research serves as an instrument to achieve that goal.

    Ways to Improve Research Skills
 Are you interested in further developing your ability to do research? There are several steps to do it.
 One of the easiest ways to know more about research is to read hard copy and electronic books about it. If you do not have a computer with Internet connection, you can go to the library, a nearby bookstore, or ask a close friend or relative to lend you her/his smartphone or laptop so you could look for books or articles about research. 
If you have access to the Internet, you can watch online tutorial videos on this topic. High school students can learn from this presentation, for instance:
 
    Research Basics for High School Students by Journal Storage (JSTOR)

For those who intend to be full-fledged researchers, you might want to attend training-seminars, workshops, and conferences aimed at deepening your knowledge and honing your skills in doing research. These events are conducted by various organizations, particularly universities and "think tank" agencies. Use search engines to look for these opportunities, as well as for scholarships that could help you finance your participation in these activities.
 You might also consider searching for reputable researchers in your field of interest, especially if you plan to pursue postgraduate studies. You could email an academic, a scientist, or another professional to inquire about their opinion on your thesis or dissertation topic. Having a research mentor can help you gain a broader understanding of what research is all about.
 Another way is to watch films and read different kinds of books, fiction and otherwise. These sources can ignite your curiosity and drive you to seek more information. You might want to jot down notes about the topics discussed and/or what you've learned. You might wonder why this is part of the research process. Watching movies, reading books, and writing various stuff hone your comprehension and ability to analyze. These can improve your vocabulary and aid you in finding your voice as a researcher.

Tuesday 1 September 2015

How to go for internship?

I do not want to spread any kind of negativity, but from my personal experience if your college is not a very reputed and recognized one then it can be almost impossible for you to get a decent paid internship. No matter what you are good in, no matter how hard you try its almost negligible chance for you to land at a nice internship. But still there are some ways which I will edit later OK lets start:

1.) If your college has a mechanism for internships then the companies will come for hiring interns as
they come for hiring employees, chose the company wisely according to you interest and learning opportunity not according to the stipend.
2.) If your college does not have a proper mechanism then you can ask your TPO to give you some contacts of local companies and a recommendation letter from your TPO and department professor would be helpful.
3.) If the above 2 are not applicable then its a long way to go...bear with me:
You need to actively look for internship opportunities on internet(almost 5-6 times in a day) and I would recommend you to start in the month of December.
Some of the websites which you can refer are:
a.) Internship | Summer Training | Paid Internships | Summer Internship 2014 subscribe on internshala and you will get the recent internship directly on your mail id.
b.) Internships and Internship Jobs in India
c.) Look for research internships on the websites of  IITs and IISC, some of the programs are:
SURGE : IIT Kanpur; IITJ-Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur : UGRI,; IIT Jodhpur and almost every IIT has such program. Moreover if you are interested in research in a particular topic then you may contact the professors from elite institutions directly by going through their profile from the Institute website. But for this you need to make a strong case in front of him backing your interest and eligibility.
Likewise there are many more similar platforms on which you can search for internships.
4.) You may contact your college alumni to seek their help.
5.) Visit the career page of the websites of various companies, many companies directly call for applications or you may contact their HR
6.) Still if you can not land at an awesome internship then you can go for Industrial training but do not waste all of your vacation time unless you are preparing for some competitive exam. Now we come to the application, Cover letter and mail sending:
1.) Now that you have searched an internship and you are going to apply for it, keep these things in
mind:
a.) Your resume highlights the similar work done by you in college for which you are applying
b.) Make a standard resume, you can get help from many references on internet like Resume writing ppt presentation and similar. Also search for resume of IITB students online.
c.) Write a professional mail mentioning your interest and relevancy, avoid including jargon and irrelevant details
d.) Do not follow up too much
e.) It the cover letter is required then seek for help from your seniors on how to write it or look at the
internet
If you are entering your sophomore or pre-final year then it is highly recommended to develop some professional skills that may vary from branch to branch. It will not only help you in getting a decent internship but will help you in job interviews as well.
Stop wasting time and indulge in co-curricular, extra- curricular activities in college or outside the college. Be part of 1 or 2 clubs that interests you, it shows that you have organisational qualities and team spirit. Highlight your work on your resume.

Friday 28 August 2015

HR Round: tentative Questions:

1. Tell me something about yourself.
2. What do you know about Co?
3. Explain me any concept considering me as a layman.
4. Will you be able to work if posted in a place like Andaman?
5. What are your hobbies?
6. Tell me an interesting experience of your life.
7. Will you get married soon?
8. What will you do if you are told to work on something you don't know or like?
9. Tell something about yourself that is not in the resume.
10. What is your area of interest?
11. Why do you want to join this industry?
12. Would you work anywhere in the country?
13. What if we don’t select you today?
14. Tell me about your family, weakness and strength.
15. What is commitment? Do you have a girlfriend?
16. Do you consult your parents?
17. Will you stay away from your parents?
18. Will you do arranged or love marriage?
19. You are living in 21st century, you should take your own decisions. Then why consult parents?
20. Why should we hire you?
21. Tell me a few qualities that you have.
22. How much will you sell your project for?
23. What is your future plan?
24. How you being emotional help us?
25. Are you ready to relocate?
26. Will you be able to adjust yourself with people in Chennai?
27. Do you wish to go for higher studies?
28. Are you innovative enough?
29. What is your best achievement?
30. What has been your toughest decision till date?
31. Tell us about your journey.
32. Given a situation how would you resolve a conflict.
33. What would you do if your seniors are not noticing your work?
34. What has been your best experience till date?
35. Rate yourself on a scale of 1-5.
36. Are you aware about the Co eligibility, background check?
37. You have high percentage in SSC and HSC but low in engineering. Why?
38. What is your ambition in life?
39. What do you do in your free time?
40. Do you want to be in Co even after 3 years?
41. Why do you want to be in Co?
42. Why a job?
43. How happy are you with your parents decision?
44. What is the longest you have stayed away from your parents?
45. What are your expectations from TCS?
46. Where do you see yourself in the next 5 years?
47. Tell me about your teamwork.
48. What is your chance of getting selected?
49. Why should I select you compared to others?
50. Describe one instance when you have succeeded.
51. You are a project manager. How will you ensure that your project is completed on time?
52. What are the three keywords according to you for success?
53. Who is your role model?
54. In how many ways can you contribute to the society?
55. What is the meaning of your name? who do you have faith in?
56. Describe yourself in one line and in one word.
57. Do you think advantage of exemption from aptitude given to toppers is good or bad.
58. Which department would you like to go in?
59. If 20,000INR are given how will you manage it in a month? And how much will you save from that?
60. If not this Co where are you planning to go?
61. Tell me one instance when you worked as a team leader.
63. If you lead a project and the team members aren’t happy with you as the leader what will you
do?
64. How much time do you spend on the net? Tell me the most recent news that you have come
across.
65. What do you think of life?
66. Difference between creativity and innovation.
67. Difference between theorem and axiom.
68. Explain your interview experience in Marathi.
69. Where do you see yourself in the coming years?
70. What are your interests?
71. Tell me the story of any movie you saw recently.
72. Are you tired or nervous?
73. Are you sure you’ll take up the job and not go for further studies?
74. Why do you want to join an IT company? Since your percentage is so good? Will you work on
domains like database management, oracle, etc?
75. Difference between agile and waterfall.
76. How was your day?
77. How long did you wait? Was it worth the wait?
78. How do you manage to resolve conflicts within your siblings?
79. What books do you read?
80. How will you manage to live with females of other states?
81. If you are a team leader what 3 things do you think are most important ?
82. How do you make someone feel special?

Important Questions asked in Mechanical Engineering Interview!

I'm sharing this question list to fellow mechanical engineers that I made to prepare for an interview. It
contains two sections viz. technical questions followed by HR questions.
1. Technical questions:
Type of technical questions asked will be definition type and that too from basic. Your favorite subjects will be asked first and then they start questioning what they want you to answer. Some of the
questions are...

1. Why we do not use same technology to start both SI/CI engine?
2. Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
3. 4 Stroke engine is more efficient primarily Because of the presence of valves which precisely control the flow of charge into the chamber and exit the exhaust gases with proper timing which is hard to achieve by ports in a 2 stroke engine.
4. Why there is no differential in a train. What happens when a train takes a turn?
5. A cantilever beam is loaded a point on its ends what will be the effect in shear force?
6. Why vehicle does not move when its gear is applied though parked in slope area?
7. What is shear force in fluid particle?
8. How gear ratio helps in power variation?
9. What is the angle of twist in drill?
10. What is the difference between impact force and sudden force?
11. How to calculate the turbine efficiency?
12. Why centrifugal pump casing is called involutes casing?
13. What will happen if reciprocating compressor run in exactly opposite direction?
14. What is the effect of clearance volume in performance of air- compressor?
15. What is the advantages and disadvantages of critical speed of turbine?
16. What will happen if oil is mixed with boiler feed water?
17. What is difference between fan and blowers?
18. What are the protections required to protect turbine?
19. what is critical temperature?
20. Air is a bad conductor of heat. Why it becomes hot in summer?
21. How many stages in compressor in there in gas turbine?
22. Which is more efficient? A rear engine Volvo Bus or a Front engine Volvo Bus? (Engine Capacity is same for both) why?
23. What is difference between stress and pressure?
24. What is Boiler HP?
25. What is Auto Dosing?
26. What happens when too much oil is injected in the working cylinder?
27. How many manholes should be there on boiler? Why?
28. What is used to check the amount & quality of fuel in two stroke IC engine?
29. Work done in throttling process is given by which formula?
30. Function of the strainer in IC engine?
31. What is the difference between the air pre-heater & air blower?
32. Why the compression ratio of the diesel engine should be high?
33. A vertical plate and a horizontal plate are suspended in an open room. Both are heated to the
same temperature. Which one will cool first? Why?
34. What is the color of flame if the boiler is running?
35. Which is the best lubricant-air, oil or water?
36. Tell the octane number in Indian petrol?
37. Difference between enthalpy & entropy?
38. What is the difference between safety valve and relief valve?
39. Explain cooling and its types?
40. What is the working principal of air compressor?
41. What is cryogenics and what are its fundamentals?
42. What is the difference between a shaper machine and a planner machine?
43. Why stress relieving of stainless steel is not roffered?
44. What are the advantages of PID controllers compared with those of a PLC?
45. Which two continents are mirror images of each other?
46. Where half nut is used?
47. What is the need for drafting?
48. Turbo charger driven by.............? and what its speed
49. Why...? Turbo charger used in DG....?
50. The stage below saturation is called?
51. Why is a condenser used in a Rankin cycle?
52. What is servo motor?
53. Can we use light duty vehicle axle into the heavy duty machinery axle? If no then why?
54. Stress strain diagram for fluid?
55. Where manning formula used?
56. What is level of documentations for a ISO 9001 certified company?
57. What is back plate in centrifugal pumps and its purpose?
58. Why tyres are manufactured in black colour?
59. Whether ductile material can fail in brittle manner? When?
60. On what property u can distinguish material as brittle or ductile?
61. Name fuels used in nuclear power plant?
62. On what thermodynamic cycle nuclear power plant works?
63. How can you increase the efficiency of power plant without changing in effort?
64. What is purpose of governor in Diesel engine?
65. Why petrol engines have more power than diesel engines of same capacity?
66. What is the difference between Torque and Power ( layman Idea)?
67. What will be the induced stress in the bar?
68. What is the Difference between Rated Speed and Economic Speed?
69. How to convert from HP to BHP or CC to Bhp please explain????????
70. How the material no. 2062 will mild steel of density 7.85? What are the other codes?
71. Why petrol engine gives more power than diesel engine even though diesel engine has high
compression ratio?
72. What is mean by Resistance welding?
73. Compare Brayton and Otto cycle.
74. Why we have to know the specific frequency of any equipment? does anybody know about specific frequency ?
75. What is pulverization?
76. What is the function of an isolator?
77. Why the back wheel of tractor is bigger than front wheel?
78. Flow will increase or decrease or remain same?
79. Why Mechanical seal used in Pumps?
80. The ratio of Emissive to absorption power of heat by a body is equal to heat emitted by a perfect
black body. Who said the statement
81. What is colour of flame if the of Halide Torch detects a refrigerant leakage?
82. How can we remove paint from (painted over) plastic or nylon objects with out damaging the
object?
83. How to calculate or arrive the capacity of a mechanical press?
84. The property of a metal that is determined by the indentation on a metal surface
85. The amount of thickness of the metal sheet that can be welded by ultrasonic welding is?
86. The amount of carbon present in Cast Iron?
87. Numeric control is used for?
88. The amount of moisture that is to be present in wood to be called dry wood is?
89. The pattern material used in Investment casting Process is?
90. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type of follower?
91. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type of follower?
92. State the difference between Forging & Fabrication?
93. What is flange rating?
94. What amount of heat energy loss in ESP?
95. What happen when diesel is injected in petrol engine?
96. What do you mean by property of system?
97. Why joule-Brayton cycle is not suitable for a reciprocating engine.
98. How does “turbulence” differ from swirl?
99. Is octane number beyond 100 is possible?
100. Explain the effect of fuel structure on knocking.
101. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of LPG as a fuel in S.I. Engine?
102. What is the impact of using throttling device instead of expander in vapour compression cycle?
103. What is moisture choking? Which refrigerants are more prone to it?
104. What is Montreal protocol and why CFCs are being phased out?
105. Why reverse Joule Brayton is used in aircraft refrigeration system?
106. Explain how solar-energy can used in refrigeration system?
107. Is wet bulb temperature a thermodynamic property?
108. What is the utility of comfort chart?
109. How would you decide whether a reciprocating compressor or centrifugal compression is to be
used in a refrigerating system?
110. Why smoking is not allowed in air conditioned enclosure?
111. Why desert coolers become ineffective in raining season?
112. Why package units are being preferred over central air conditioning system?
113. What is MAPI.
114. What is capital budgetary?
115. What is group technology layout?
116. What is leveling & smoothing in production technology?
117. What is deference between method study & work measurement?
118. What you know about drilling?
119. How oil is produced? What is the size of well?
120. Pumps used in drilling procedure and why? Why not centrifugal pump? What if we want high
head and high discharge?
121. Difference between Pipeline and Piping ?
122. Use of CNG, LNG, LPG etc.
Additional questions subject wise:

Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery
What is the difference between impulse & reaction turbine.
Explain unit speed, unit discharge unit power & specific speed.
Explain NPSH, in which parameter it depends on.
What is jet ratio?
What is Deriaz turbine?
Which turbine is good for tidal power plant?
What is Navier-stroke equation.
What are the significance of
Mach number
Weber number
Material Science
What is quazi-crystal?
What do you understand by a free cutting steel?
What elements are usually added to make a steel free cutting, & how they make the steel free cutting?
Explain various method of hardening of steel?
What do you understand by the term “Arrest point” in connecting with heat treatment of plain carbon steel?
What influence does grain size have on the mechanical properties of metals.
Describe the difference between brittle and ductile fracture.
What is the difference between natural & artificial aging?
Thermodynamics
What is availability function for a closed system?
If it is possible that entropy of a system can decrease during a given process?
What is dead state in thermodynamics?
What is exergy?
What happens to triple point line when projected to P-T plane?
What is compressibility factor and what is its value for Vander walls gases.
What are initial conditions for formation of shock waves?
What do you understand by choking in nozzle flows?
Is it possible that pressure and velocity decreases simultaneously/
Distinguish between “Available energy” & Availability?
What is pure substances.
What is critical point? What is the value of critical temperature, pressure & volume of water?
What is sublimation curve, fusion curve & vaporization curve?
What is Rayleigh Line & Fanno Line?
What is normal shocks & when its occurs?
What is High Grade Energy & Low Grade Energy?
Heat & Mass Transfer
What is Newton’s Law of cooling.
What is Recuperator & Regenerators?
Whether fin can actually reduce heat transfer? is it possible? When?
What is difference between Biot no. & Nusselt no?
Which one is greater, thermal boundary layer or hydrodynamic boundary layer?
What is film temperature in forced convection flow?
What is fully developed region and where it is applicable?
What is the critical radius of insulation, explain clearly in terms of thermal resistance and heat
transfer rate?
At what case do you recommend Fin?
What is the difference between free convection & forced convection in what parameter forced &
free convection depend.
Internal Combustion Engine What is the use of Carburetor in SI Engine, There is trend towards increases of injection system in
Automobiles, Explain.
Why Supercharging is not popular with SI Engines?
What is performance number.
Explain Knocking in SI Engine & Mention, the factor that tend to reduce Knocking?
Explain the difference between Knocking in SI Engine & CI Engine?
How does “Turbulence” differ from “Swirl”?
Name some Antiknock additive and explain the Mechanism by which they reduce the knock?
Power Plant engineering
What is slip ratio in thermal power plant?
In Pendant super heater whether parallel flow or counter flow heat exchange between steam and flue gases.
What happens to mass flow in case of supersaturated flow?
Why clearance are provided in reciprocating compressor?
Explain turbojet & Rocket Engine.
What’s the advantage of compounding of steam turbine?
What’s are boiler mounting & accessory.
Draw the sketch of pulse jet engine. What are its main advantage & disadvantage?
Explain working principal of scram jet engine,
what is advantage over the ramjet?
What are the advantage of nuclear power plants over thermal power plants.
What is fast breeder reactor?
What is circulation ratio and what is its range in power plant?
One 2-row Curtis turbine is equivalent to how many reaction turbines for same value of blade velocity and angle of nozzle?
What are thermal neutrons?
What is breeding ratio?
What is the application of jet and rocket technology? Which is used in missiles?
Strength of Materials
What do you mean by equal strength in a beam?
What is difference between pure shear and simple (normal) shear?
Is it possible that decrease in area gives a decrease in stress?
Whether shear stresses are always parallel to shear forces?
By which experiment, you find it toughness of material.
Distinguish between direct stress & bending stress.
What do you mean by Torsional rigidity & lateral rigidity?
Define “slenderness ratio”. How it is used in long and short column?
Machine Design
What are rolling contact bearing?
What are the anti friction bearings?
What is stress concentration factor?
What is the bolt of uniform strength?
What is the difference Static Load carrying
capacity & Dynamic Load carrying capacity?
Why we are not using the unit joule for torque instead of N-m.
What is Low cycle fatigue failure and High cycle fatigue failure? What are considerations of these while designing a machine?
What is mechanical advantage?
How trains take turns though there is no differential gear?
Do you know epicyclical gear box? What is the practical application of epicyclical gear box?
What is tooth profile? Which one is better?
Theory of Machines
What is Keneddy theorem?
Do we need a screw with efficiency less than 50%?
What is backlash?
What is damping ratio?
Define Resonance.
Define critical speed or whirling speed or
whipping speed.
What is machine? Giving example, Differentiate
between a machine & structure.
What is Mechanical advantage.

Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
What is utility of comfort chart?
hat is wet compression?
To maximize COP what should be the condition of vapour at suction to compression?
What is the range of NBP (normal boiling point) in case of most refrigerants?
Why COP of CO2 gas is less and still why it is used in transport refrigeration?
What are the most crucial parts in reciprocating compressors?
How compressors are selected based on type of refrigerant?
What is correlation between wet bulb
temperatures an adiabatic saturation temperature?
Why isothermal compressor is Desirable?
What is desirable property of ideal refrigerant?
Define effective temperature & what is the optimum design condition for comfort for summer A/C?
Production Engineering
Why arc is slowly extinguished in case of arc welding?
Which inert gas is commonly used for thin work piece and which inert gas for thick work piece?
What is friction welding?
What is difference between brazing & braze welding?
Why hole basis system is adopted in manufacturing?
What is 3- 2-1 principle?
Where diamond pin locator is used?
How presses are rated?
What is spring back?
What is difference between fillet and corner radius?
What are overhead costs?
Why depreciation is to be taken into account in industrial management?
Why breakeven point is important in any industry?
What is sine bar?
What is marginal cost and marginal revenue?
What is shear and where it is provided in case of punching and blanking?
What is angle of bite?
What is extrusion ratio?
What is gutter and where it is used?
Which process is used for making nuclear reactor fuel rods?
What is difference between Amorphous and crystalline solids?
What are the various method of inspection of
casting for internal & external defects?
Why are allowances provided for in the
production of patterns? What do they depend on?
What is the deference between soldering & brazing?
What is meant by solid-state welding explain.
What is cold welding?
Describe the principal behind resistance welding processes.
What function should a lubricant perform in manufacturing process?
Explain the difference between punching & blanking.
Explain the difference between discontinuous chips and segment chips.
Explain the different type of tool wear.
What is difference between oblique & orthogonal cutting.
What are the main difference between jig and fixture?
What is AOQ
What is LTPD
What is Producer risk
What is Consumer’s risk
What is JIT approaches?
What is group technology? What are its main advantages?
Define the term “production & productivity.
What is the significance of ISO 9000 series & 1400 series.
What is artificial intelligence?
Which welding process does not required any filler material?
What is tack weld?
Which process used for cutting thicker plates?
Where drooping characteristics of power source is required in arc welding?
2. HR questions:
1. Tell me about yourself?
2. What is your hometown famous for?
3. Tell about your achievements in life.
4. Your strengths and weakness
5. Are you a team player?
6. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
7. How would you know you will be successful on this job?
8. Describe your management style.
9. Global warming
10. Chief justice of India
11. Vice President of India
12. CEO of Apple, when did he die?
13. Gas scenario
14. RBI policy
15. Corporate Governance
16. Corporate Laws
17. Cast system is boon or bane ?
18. What’s the difference in the modus operandi of Amir Khan’s “Satyameva jayate” and Anna Hazares movement?
19. What will u do on your part to remove corruption? If you travel in a train without confirmed ticket will u bribe the TT for a seat?
20. What do u mean by optimistic. Is it always good to be optimistic or it helps sometimes to be pessimist?
21. What is difference between confidence and over confidence?
22. What is the difference between hard work and smart work?
23. What are your goals?
24. What motivates you to do a good job?
25. What makes you angry?
26. Give an example of your creativity
27. Describe ideal company, job, and location?
28. What are your hobbies?
29. Inspiration in your life and why?
30. What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?
31. Define success? and how do you measure up to your definition
32. About present job (if employed)
33. Why did you resign from your previous job?
34. Why have you been unemployed so long?
35. What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced?
36. What would you say to your boss if he is crazy about an idea, but you think it stinks?
37. Why should I hire you?
38. Explain how you would be an asset to this organisation.
39. If we give you a job will you leave IIT B or your organisation?
40. What changes would you make if you came on board?

Friday 1 May 2015

Fluid Mechanics interviewquestions and answers

1. Why the Centrifugal Pump is called High Discharge pump?
Centrifugal pump is a kinetic device. The centrifugal pump uses the centrifugal force to push out the fluid. So the liquid entering the pump receives kinetic energy from the rotating impeller. The centrifugal action of the impeller accelerates the liquid to a high velocity, transferring mechanical (rotational) energy to the liquid. So it discharges the liquid in high rate. It is given in the following
formulae:
Centrifugal force F= (M*V2)/R.
Where, M-Mass;  V-Velocity; R-Radius
2. How Cavitation can be eliminated by Pump?
Cavitation means bubbles are forming in the liquid. ·
To avoid Cavitation, we have to increase the Pump size to One or Two Inch;
To increase the pressure of the Suction Head, or  Decrease the Pump Speed.
3. Why Cavitation will occur in Centrifugal Pump and not in Displacement Pump?
The formation of cavities (or bubbles) is induced by flow separation, or non-uniform flow velocities, inside a pump casing. In centrifugal pumps the eye of the pump impeller is smaller than the flow area of pipe. This decrease in flow area of pump results in increase in flow rate. So pressure drop happened between pump suction and the vanes of the impeller. Here air bubbles or cavities are formed because of liquid vapour due to increase in temperature in impeller. This air bubbles are transmitted to pump which forms cavitation.

4. Which Pump is more Efficient Centrifugal Pump or Reciprocating Pump?
Centrifugal pump. Because flow rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump. Flow is smooth and it requires less space to install. Lower initial cost and lower maintenance cost.

5. Why Centrifugal Pump is not called as a Positive Displacement Type of Pump?
The centrifugal has varying flow depending on pressure or head, whereas the Positive Displacement pump has more or less constant flow regardless of pressure.
Likewise viscosity is constant for positive displacement pump where centrifugal pump have up and down value because the higher viscosity liquids fill the clearances of the pump causing a higher volumetric efficiency. When there is a viscosity change in supply there is also greater loss in the system. This means change in pump flow affected by the pressure change. One more example is, positive displacement pump has more or less constant efficiency, where centrifugal pump has varying efficiency rate.
6. How Cavitation can be eliminated in a Pump?
Cavitation means bubbles are forming in the liquid.
· To avoid Cavitation, we have to increase the Pump size to One or Two Inch;
· To increase the pressure of the Suction Head, or
· Decrease the Pump Speed.

7. Which pump is more efficient Centrifugal pump or Reciprocating pump?
Centrifugal pump. Because flow rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump. Flow is smooth and it requires less space to install. Lower initial cost and lower maintenance cost.
8. Why Centrifugal Pump is not called as a Positive Displacement Type of Pump?
The centrifugal has varying flow depending on pressure or head, whereas the Positive Displacement pump has more or less constant flow regardless of pressure.  Likewise viscosity is constant for positive displacement pump where centrifugal pump have up and down value because the higher viscosity liquids fill the clearances of the pump causing a higher volumetric efficiency. When there is a viscosity  change in supply there is also greater loss in the system. This means change in pump flow affected by the pressure change. One more example is, positive displacement pump has more or less constant efficiency, where centrifugal pump has varying efficiency rate.

9. What is a radial-flow turbine?

In a radial-flow turbine, steam flows outward from the shaft to the casing. The unit is usually a reaction unit, having both fixed and moving blades.

10. What are four types of turbine seals?
Carbon rings fitted in segments around the shaft and held together by garter or retainer springs. Labyrinth mated with shaft serration’s or shaft seal strips. Water seals where a shaft runner acts as a pump to create a ring of water around the shaft. Use only treated water to avoid shaft pitting. Stuffing box using woven or soft packing rings that are compressed with a gland to prevent leakage along the shaft.
11. What are two types of clearance in a turbine?
Radial – clearance at the tips of the rotor and casing.
Axial – the fore-and-aft clearance, at the sides of the rotor and the casing.
12. What is the function of a thrust bearing?
Thrust bearings keep the rotor in its correct axial position.
13. What is a stage in a steam turbine?  In an impulse turbine, the stage is a set of moving blades behind the nozzle. In a reaction turbine, each row of blades is called a "stage." A single Curtis stage may consist of two or more rows of moving blades.
14. What is a diaphragm?
Partitions between pressure stages in a turbine’s casing are called diaphragms. They hold the vane- shaped nozzles and seals between the stages. Usually labyrinth-type seals are used. One-half of the diaphragm is fitted into the top of the casing, the other half into the bottom.
15. What are the two basic types of steam turbines?
Impulse type. Reaction type.
16. What are topping and superposed turbines?Topping and superposed turbines arc high- pressure, non-condensing units that can be added to an older, moderate-pressure plant. Topping turbines receive high-pressure steam from new high-pressure boilers. The exhaust steam of the new turbine has the same pressure as the old boilers and is used to supply the old turbines.
17. What is a combination thrust and radial bearing?
This unit has the ends of the Babbitt bearing extended radically over the end of the shell. Collars on the rotor face these thrust pads, and the journal is supported in the bearing between the thrust collars.

Monday 27 October 2014

Professor Bhaskar Ramamurthi, Director of IIT Madras, answersquestions on Vision 2020 for the institution. Excerpts from an interview…

Where does IIT Madras stand globally?....................Professor Bhaskar Ramamurthi, Director of IIT Madras

With the second strategic plan for IIT Madras having been put forth,  The IITs have already grown into a brand. Why then hanker for an international rank?
The IITs are not meant only for undergraduate education. What you are talking about is our global position as a top undergraduate educational institution. …you can’t do world-class undergraduate teaching without doing research also. Now the government has made it clear that they want research as a direct output, not just as a part of undergraduate teaching. So we have to aspire for a ranking on all outputs. We want to be known for our post- graduate output and research output as well. The global rankings don’t capture this too well and the government wants to set up an Indian ranking framework which takes into account what our objectives are. 

But while this may be true, we must rank ourselves to see where we stand globally. How will it change things?
It can only improve. We are also getting a lot of interest from the cream of undergraduate students, not just our own, after the launch of the direct PhD programme [PhD after BTech]. I recently met with 80 students we have picked this way; they’ve all come because they have made an early decision to get into research. As many hands were raised for industry as for teaching. This is very good for the
country and for us to pick them early and nurture them. I was really encouraged by this.

Can you talk about the MoUs with foreign universities ?
We have MoUs with nearly 150 universities. With 50 to 60 of them there are PhDs being  co-supervised with their faculty and with five there are joint PhD programmes planned.
You have talked about developing interdisciplinary centres. What are the directions in which IIT Madras is likely to make progress?
We are seeing very clearly that some 25 [interdisciplinary] centres are coming up. Propulsion technologies became obvious to me a year or so ago. For about two years now, we have been working on getting the right centre, for our capabilities, on data sciences. We want an interdisciplinary group. We’ve assembled six to seven faculties, now it’s grown to about ten. It will be based more on networks. Whether it’s a transportation network or a biological network or a network of wireless communication nodes, what you can learn about these systems and what is happening based on volumes of data that you generate, that is the area we want to look at. There is a big centre on machine tools coming up. We have proposed a large centre in advanced manufacturing, to focus on very new areas of manufacturing, not what is traditionally understood.

You plan to change the curriculum so that students will be taking 50 per cent core courses and 50 per cent electives. Please elaborate.
There are some constraints of the IIT system by which students have to choose their branch at the time of joining — whether they know anything about it or not. There’s no easy way around this. However, what we are saying is that we will define the curriculum for each of these majors in such a way that with the core courses, roughly 50 per cent, you will be legitimately qualified for a bachelor’s degree in that discipline; as you grow here, if you find that your interests are taking you [elsewhere],
through the electives you can redefine yourself. Your degree might say you’re from metallurgical engineering, but your transcript will say you are also somewhat different. And very often in the world, jobs as well as higher education is as much based on what your transcript says as your degree. The students will be able to move in the direction they want.  

Student life has changed in recent times. People are more isolated and face pressures, perhaps because of technology. Is there a plan to address this?
Our counselling setup is becoming bigger and better all the time. Now counselling is not just for those in trouble. It is for everybody. We are now seeing that everybody is involved in some activity  other than their academics — it could be sport, music, art, literature, debate… We are trying to track  that. Our counselling is becoming more proactive. We try to find out the students who are not doing anything and ask them, “Would you like to do something [else]?” We are trying to open out more things for the students. We are trying to reach out and be more available, with quick closing of feedback loops so that we can counsel if they are in trouble of any kind or confused in any way.

The campus is poised to become more student- friendly. Can you explain?
One thing I have always noticed in many universities around the world is that there is a square — where it is very nice. Somewhere off the square there is a cafeteria and a lot of people hang out there. IIT Madras in particular has had to deal from its inception that it is in a very pristine natural setting. And we just don’t have a square — a central, human-designed, architected, space. For the new academic complex that’s coming up, we have found a way to create a big social space and a food court nearby. We need a place which is a very obvious hangout for students. The new academic complex is coming up where we used to have our big godowns earlier. There used to be a bus depot
nearby, we got rid of that and it turns out that there is a big open area there which is going to become a quadrangle.

This is not the satellite campus?
No, the satellite campus may or may not happen. We are working with the Tamil Nadu government on that and they are trying very hard to find us suitable land. It obviously cannot be very far from [the main campus]. Finding a suitable land has been a challenge, but we have identified it and it is now at a very advanced stage of consideration in the government. If that comes, that will change our planning, but it will not change the need for that kind of place here.